Inches Centimeters 60 150 55 140 110 100 30 70 25 15 20 10 normal Hypothyroid Dwarf-not hypothyroid Normal 2 years years 8 years 8 years
3. Effects on Nervous system increase excitability of central nervous system sympathetic nervous system a Hyperthyroidism extreme nervousness, many psychoneurotic tendencies including anxiety complexes, extreme worrv paranoia(妄想)and muscle tremor Hyperthyroidism
. Hyperthyroidism 3. Effects on Nervous System ◼ increase excitability of ◼ central nervous system ◼ sympathetic nervous system ◼ Hyperthyroidism: ◼ extreme nervousness, ◼ many psychoneurotic tendencies including anxiety complexes, extreme worry, paranoia （妄想）and muscle tremor
Effects on Nervous system Hypothyroidism ■ fatigue ■ extreme somnolence ■ poor memory slow mentation(精神状态)
Effects on Nervous System ◼ Hypothyroidism ◼ fatigue ◼ extreme somnolence ◼ poor memory ◼ slow mentation （精神状态）
4. Other effects on cardiovascular system increase heart rate and stroke volume, (may through enhance calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum on gastrointestinal tract increase the appetite and food intake by metabolic rate increased increase both the rate of secretion of the digestive juices and the motility of the gastrointestinal tract Lack of thyroid hormone can cause constipation
4. Other Effects ◼ on cardiovascular system ◼ increase heart rate and stroke volume, ◼ (may through enhance calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum) ◼ on gastrointestinal tract ◼ increase the appetite and food intake by metabolic rate increased. ◼ increase both the rate of secretion of the digestive juices and the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. ◼ Lack of thyroid hormone can cause constipation
II Regulation of Thyroid Hormone secretion Hypothalamic pituitary Thyroid Axis ■ Feedback mechanisms ■ Autoregulation Effect of Autonomic Nervous System
II Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion ◼ Hypothalamic Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◼ Feedback Mechanisms ◼ Autoregulation ◼ Effect of Autonomic Nervous System