Sources of innovation:Firm-cooperation(inputmeasure)3o%offirmscooperateduringinnovation,mostofthemwithsuppliers(23%),buyers(11%)andwithotherfirmsinthe(parent)company(10%)628Samenwerkingbijinnovatie,2008-2010aantal bedrijiven%vaninnowatoren20 249Innovatoren6.00030Samenwerkendeinnovatorenwaananmetandere bedrijiven binnen het concern2 04410463323metleveranciersvanapparatuur,materialen,componentenofsoftware112267metafnemersentenofanderebedrjiven in debedrjifstak15918101934metconsultants,commercielelaboratoria ofparticuliere R&D-instituten14155metuniversiteitenofandereinstellineorhogerondewijs1051metoverheids-ofopenbareonderzoeksinstellingen10Samengewerktmet buitenand2082waananmetoverigeEU-landen1908O473met de Verenigde Staten376met China of Indis402metoerigebndenBron:CBS,Innovatie-enquete2008-20L0Technische UniversiteitTUEindhovenUniversityofTechnology9-9-2013PAGE10EconomicsofInnovation2013
Sources of innovation: Firm-cooperation (input measure) • 30% of firms cooperate during innovation, most of them with suppliers (23%), buyers (11%) and with other firms in the (parent) company (10%) Economics of Innovation 2013 9-9-2013 PAGE 10
Cooperative Networks of FirmsB1ADVENTAEROSPATCTNESTRATEGICTECHNOLOGYALLIANCENETWORKCOPAPPLICATIONSPECIFICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITS1983-19893MSIEMENSAETTIFNORDIC-MEWSDATACDCH-PAT&TPLESSENORIAASM-INTIRIGENINSTROXMSUMSMHTHOMSONNHONEEELEDRAGECTOSHIEAMATSOSHTSHANG-ELTFUYOWESTNGBOSCHETOYOTACCEVLSIPCENTTELST-MICROXEROKMTARSERICSSONROZKEILCORVUSMATRA-HTUNDASILICONITHORN-EMAPPMICRCBELLCORESGS/THOMCEABOEINGCUTSNNS1OMNIREL-SCHLUMEGOULDALTERAGIGABITLINEAR-KSONYNTTMICRON-TUN-TECHNTOKOWARNER-BPCPIEPSONBCEDKBSANYOWANGFORSTMANNMB-SEMITTUNISYSMATRACITELASAHI-CHUNG-BASSIPL-SYSTBTPA-TECHHITACHIANAMARTCImportant:numberofSUWA-SELSILOGICALPHA-MNORDICES2，ARRAYLOGFERRANTIEUROVENT.collaborations,howcentraHTIGRFASHLINGSHANG-TL中ACORNMARTIN-MHK-SDGMGENCORPcompaniesareinthesest中STCLOGICAPTDWOLFSONSAMSUNGINT-RECTNCRMICROCQSnetworks,sourceofALIOFINT-CTTRIADCMOSARRALUCKY-GIMA-TECH福NIP-MING福knowledgeprovisionetcGETRONICNMODSHARPPANATEC小-ARCOBEL-CAULF&BYIXYSRICOHH80DICELEGENDCHIP DSKLEIN&PMITSUGAIN-ELESAGANTEC1ALLIANCEAMERICAN COMPANYCOMPANYSEAGATEBPHOENIXTechpischeUniversiteit2 ALLIANCESCOMPANYEUROPEANCOMPANYTUSYTRONEindhoven3ALLIANCESASIAN COMPANYBOMCOMPANYUniversity ofTechnologyCHIPS&TSIERRA-SCOMPANY REST OFTHEWORLDCOMPANY4ALLIANCESMIP-EFEconomicsKYOCERA119-9-2013of Innovation2013
9-9-2013 Economics of Innovation 2013 11 VTI CENT-TEL ASHLING MICROCOS NEWSDATA UNG-BASS ELEDRA SHARP GM ERICSSON SYTRON SEAGATE CIPHER PCPI ANAMARTC HTI-GRP ALTERA SONY APPMICRC IMA-TECH MIP-EF SIERRA-S MICRON-T PTD EUROVENT ST-MICRO BT NORDIC SMH INMOD BOM GAIN-ELE CHIP DS DICE SAGANTEC LOGICA ACORN WOLFSON CEA BEIJING OMNIREL GIGABIT SHANG-EL MARTIN-M NCR PA-TECH ARRAYLOG 3M FIAT GENCORP ALPHA-M STC HK-SD FERRANTI S-GOBAIN MATRA CITEL PHOENIX SAMSUNG HYUNDAI IXYS SHANG-TL FORSTMAN CORVUS PANATEC TOKO RICOH CMOSARRA SUWA-SEI EPSON TOYOTA ASAHI-CH GOULD MITSUBIS IPL-SYST SGS/THOM ITT CGE VLSI MATRA-H BELLCORE NTT SILICONI GEC H&Q CAULF&BY KLEIN&P INT-CT NIP-MING ES2 LUCKY-G THORN-EM ARCOBEL HITACHI UNISYS SANYO WANG WARNER-B SUMITOMO BOEINGC MITSUI KYOCERA CHIPS&T LINEAR-T UN-TECHN LSILOGIC NMB-SEMI LEP INT-RECT GETRONIC LIOF TRIAD IRI BCE AEROSPAT BULL CTNE BRAEROSP ABB SAABSCAN OLIVETTI ADVENT TELFIN THOMSON TOSHIBA MATSUSHT SIEMENS SCHLUMB DKB INTEL H-P NAT-SEMI AMD ASM-INT NORDIC-N PLESSEY PHILIPS 4 ALLIANCES 3 ALLIANCES 2 ALLIANCES STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY ALLIANCE NETWORK APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1983-1989 LEGEND 1 ALLIANCE COMPANY COMPANY COMPANY COMPANY ASIAN COMPANY COMPANY REST OF THE WORLD EUROPEAN COMPANY AMERICAN COMPANY ROCKWELL BOSCH XEROX FUYO TI MOTOROLA DEC AT&T NOKIA WESTINGH HONEYWEL GENINSTR GE CDC HARRIS IBM Important: number of collaborations, how central companies are in these networks, source of knowledge provision etc. Cooperative Networks of Firms
Cooperative NetworksofFirmsLEGENDES2HLFSYNOPTILIN-MCP1ALLIANCE2ALLIANCESTEMIC1DECARGO-S3ALLIANCESDSAEP-TADVRISCCYRXLHTGINTELSAWTEKAMERICANCOMPANYCOMPANY3D0ANALOGDEPAOENIXTANDEMAMINFORMCOMPANYEUROPEANCOMPANYAANTON-BHARMAN-CIRRUSCOMPANYASIAN COMPANYCYBERMEDHYUNDAIMETALINKIMC-KESSCOMPANYCOMPANYRESTOFTHEWORLDTOGAI-SANDIAOLNET-HFNVIDIA-TRWDISNEYNCREXARRFMDTVERIPHONBIOCONTRGEMPLUSSPACE-ELSIGMATEL4FCRMIEROCHITrend:increaseinLSIATALLAGOLDTRONINTE-TELSEEQ+COAST-EMimportanceofAmericanZORANVLSIAT&TBEL!STARRIDGWEITEKCALMICRDAI-CJIFMITSU-Ecompanies,decrease1SAMSELWSITRIQUINTMSUEuropeancompaniesCADENCEGMZILOGHARRISemergenceAsianUNISYSENER-PSWSYMBIONIMDECcompaniesMENTOR-AT&TSEAGATEASHTECHSPEAPLESSEY-TEMICNEWSCONAT-SEMIAMATI-CUSHA-I R-MORENOINTE-CMOMOTOROLACENT-TEFUYODAIMLERTEMASEKTHOMSONSYNERGYTTYLMATRA-HSESHOOMOSIEMENSSECTOSHIBADIMESGENMAGICGRESSIRAUNHOFSTRATEGICTECHNOLOGYALLIANCENETWORKIMECBETechnischeUniversiteitAPPLICATIONSPECIFICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITS1990-1996TUEindhovenTTSL-Universityof Technology129-9-2013EconomicsofInnovation2013
Cooperative Networks of Firms Economics of Innovation 2013 9-9-2013 12 ZILOG MSU WSI CALMICRD WEITEK SAMSEL BIOCONTR ATALLA AT&TBELL TTP SHARP OKI FUJITSU HITACHI LHTG TEMIC STARRIDG SEEQ SPEA SIGMATEL SH-CJIF SH-SIZND SH-BTEM TEMIC1 ALCA-AL MATRA-H AMS SAWTEK RFMD TRW ASHTECH SYMBIONI SONY NVIDIA HARMAN-I AMATI-C METALINK ANALOGDE CENT-TEL MITSU-E DEC R-MORENO III GM GOLDTRON ZORAN FUYO GENMAGIC USHA-I FCR SPACE-EL EPI-T ENER-PS DISNEY SANDIA SGSTHOM GRESSI FRAUNHOF DIMES IMECBEL NEWSCO CYRIX CYBERMED PHOENIX AMINFORM CIRRUS OLIVET-H ARGO-S ANTON-B EXAR AMD 3DO ADVRISC UNISYS TEMASEK NAT-SEMI MATSUSHT MITSUBIS DAIMLER SUMIT-RU LSILOGIC INTEL H-P INTE-TEL LSI GEMPLUS VERIPHON COAST-EM MICROCHI VW SIEMENS MC-KESS TRIQUINT SYNERGY TOGAI VLSI SYNOPTIC SUN-MICR ES2 SANYO GEC SEAGATE SAMSUNG TANDEM PLESSEY NIDEC THOMSON SUMITOMO AT&T NCR HYUNDAI PHILIPS MENTOR INTE-CMO MOTOROLA TOSHIBA IBM HARRIS DSP CADENCE TI 3 ALLIANCES 2 ALLIANCES STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY ALLIANCE NETWORK APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1990-1996 LEGEND 1 ALLIANCE COMPANY COMPANY COMPANY ASIAN COMPANY EUROPEAN COMPANY AMERICAN COMPANY COMPANY COMPANY REST OF THE WORLD Trend: increase in importance of American companies, decrease European companies, emergence Asian companies
SourcesofinnovationInnovation studiesfocus on importance of sources:.Static perspective:Firm-internalR&D-“Complementors”(suppliers,buyers)>firmnetworks-Firm-cooperation>strategicalliancesFirm-cooperationwithassociatedfirms>withinmultinationalfirms(parentcompanieswithlocalsubsidiaries)>R&DoutsourcingLinkagesbetweenuniversitiesandcompanies.Dynamicperspective:-Strategicalliances,NetworksofFirm-levelCooperation-MergersandAcquisitions (M&A)Technische UniversiteitTUEindhovenUniversityofTechnologyPAGE13EconomicsofInnovation20139-9-2013
Sources of innovation • Innovation studies focus on importance of sources: • Static perspective: − Firm-internal R&D − “Complementors” (suppliers, buyers) > firm networks − Firm – cooperation > strategic alliances − Firm – cooperation with associated firms > within multinational firms (parent companies with local subsidiaries) > R&D outsourcing − Linkages between universities and companies • Dynamic perspective: − Strategic alliances, Networks of Firm-level Cooperation − Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) Economics of Innovation 2013 9-9-2013 PAGE 13
Sources of imitation: TechnologicalspilloversTechnologicalSpillovers:benefitsfromR&Dactivities of one firm (nation or otherentity)“spillover"to other firms (nations orotherentities)PositiveexternalityofR&Dprocess.Requires protection of intellectual property rights (e.gpatents,copyrightsandtradesecrets)Likelihood of spillovers depending on underlyingknowledge base (e.g.mobility oflabor)TechnischeUniversiteitTUEindhoven-UniversityofTechnology9-9-2013PAGE14EconomicsofInnovation2013
Sources of imitation: Technological spillovers • Technological Spillovers: benefits from R&D activities of one firm (nation or other entity) “spill over” to other firms (nations or other entities) • Positive externality of R&D process • Requires protection of intellectual property rights (e.g. patents, copyrights and trade secrets) • Likelihood of spillovers depending on underlying knowledge base (e.g. mobility of labor) Economics of Innovation 2013 9-9-2013 PAGE 14