句子成分 主语：句子的中心 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态（广义) 动词或动词短语 宾语：动作的对象或动作的承受者 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句 表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。 定语：修饰名词或代词 呼语：对听话人的称呼 插入语：一句话中插进去的成分 love my mother. 主语 谓语 宾语 Everybody is working hard. 主语 谓语 状语
句子成分 主语：句子的中心 谓语：说明主语的动作或状态（广义） 动词或动词短语 宾语：动作的对象或动作的承受者 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句 表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。 定语 ：修饰名词或代词 呼语：对听话人的称呼 插入语：一句话中插进去的成分 I love my mother. 主语 谓语 宾语 Everybody is working hard. 主语 谓语 状语
有主语与无主语 ■“难得这么长的假期，如有时间望到河南，从机票到酒店全包。” (您)难得这么长的假期，如（您）有时间（我）望（您）到河 南，(（您)从机场到酒店（我）全包。 ■ 希望有更多的城市与外国城市结为友好城市。 ■（我们）希望有更多的城市与外国城市结为友好城市。 。过去几年，河南省担保公司膨胀的速度堪称全国之最-根据河南 省民营经济研究会的数据，2010年底已从2007年的100多家飙升 至1640家，约占全国的1/4。 ■过去几年，河南省担保公司膨胀的速度堪称全国之最-根据河南 省民营经济研究会的数据，（河南省担保公司）2010年底已从 2007年的100多家飙升至1640家，约占全国的1/4
有主语与无主语 ◼ “难得这么长的假期，如有时间望到河南，从机票到酒店全包。 ” ◼ （您）难得这么长的假期，如（您）有时间（我）望（您）到河 南，（您）从机场到酒店（我）全包。 ◼ 希望有更多的城市与外国城市结为友好城市。 ◼ （我们）希望有更多的城市与外国城市结为友好城市。 ◼ 过去几年，河南省担保公司膨胀的速度堪称全国之最-根据河南 省民营经济研究会的数据，2010年底已从2007年的100多家飙升 至1640家，约占全国的1/4。 ◼ 过去几年，河南省担保公司膨胀的速度堪称全国之最-根据河南 省民营经济研究会的数据，（河南省担保公司）2010年底已从 2007年的100多家飙升至1640家，约占全国的1/4
■《寻隐者不遇》 松下问童子， 谁“松下问童子”？ 谁“言师采药去”？ ■ 言师采药去。 谁“只在此山中”？ 只在此山中， “云深”谁“不知处”？ 云深不知处。 《我寻隐者不遇》：我松下问童子，童子言师采药去。隐者只在 此山中，云深我或童子不知隐者处
◼ 《寻隐者不遇》 ◼ 松下问童子， ◼ 言师采药去。 ◼ 只在此山中， ◼ 云深不知处。 ◼ 《我寻隐者不遇》：我松下问童子，童子言师采药去。隐者只在 此山中，云深我或童子不知隐者处。 ” 谁“松下问童子”？ 谁“言师采药去”？ 谁“只在此山中”？ “云深”谁“不知处”？
I ask your lad neath a pine-tree. "My master's gone for herbs,"says he. Amid the hills I know not where, For clouds have veiled them here and there
◼ I ask your lad neath a pine-tree. ◼ "My master's gone for herbs," says he. ◼ Amid the hills I know not where, ◼ For clouds have veiled them here and there
Nothing is more common in conversation with an uneducated Chinese than to experience extreme difficulty in ascertaining what he is talking about.At times his remarks appear to consist exclusively of predicates,which are woven together in an intricate manner,the whole mass seeming to hang in the air,attached to nothing whatever.To the mind of the speaker,the omission of a nominative is a point of no consequence.He knows what he is talking about,and it never occurs to him that this somewhat important item of information is not conveyed to the mind of his auditor by any kind of intuition.It is remarkable what expert guessers'long practice has made most Chinese,in reading a meaning into words which do not convey it,by the simple practice of supplying subjects or predicates as they happen to be lacking.It is often the most important word in the whole sentence which is suppressed,the clue to which may be entirely unknown. -Chinese Characteristics (Arthur H.Smith)
◼ Nothing is more common in conversation with an uneducated Chinese than to experience extreme difficulty in ascertaining what he is talking about. At times his remarks appear to consist exclusively of predicates, which are woven together in an intricate manner, the whole mass seeming to hang in the air, attached to nothing whatever. To the mind of the speaker, the omission of a nominative is a point of no consequence. He knows what he is talking about, and it never occurs to him that this somewhat important item of information is not conveyed to the mind of his auditor by any kind of intuition. It is remarkable what expert guessers' long practice has made most Chinese, in reading a meaning into words which do not convey it, by the simple practice of supplying subjects or predicates as they happen to be lacking. It is often the most important word in the whole sentence which is suppressed, the clue to which may be entirely unknown. ◼ -Chinese Characteristics (Arthur H. Smith)