介词 Prepositions
Prepositions 介 词
一、介词的分类 介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前,表示词语 之间意义关系的词类。英语常用的介词大致可分为四类: 1.简单介词 顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也是使用最频 繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、 连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有:at,about,above, across,after,among,against,before,behind,below, beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except, for,in,of,on,over,near,past,round,since, through,till,until,with,up等。 2.合成介词 指由介词十其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有: inside,into,onto,outside,throughout,towards,within, without等
一、介词的分类 介词是用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前,表示词语 之间意义关系的词类。英语常用的介词大致可分为四类: 1.简单介词 顾名思义,简单介词是指由一个单词构成的介词,也是使用最频 繁的一类介词。简单介词也可能由形容词、副词、分词、名词、 连词等转变而来。常用的简单介词有:at, about, above, across,after,among,against,before,behind,below, beside,between,beyond,but,despite,during,except, for,in,of,on,over,near,past,round,since, through,till,until,with,up等。 2.合成介词 指由介词+其它介词或副词构成的介词。常用的合成介词有: inside,into,onto,outside,throughout,towards,within, without等
3.二重介词 指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达一个 完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有:from among,from behind,from under,until/till after等。 4.短语介词 指由介词十介词、介词十名词、介词十分词、介词十动词、介词 +形容词、介词十副词等构成的短语,常用的有:according to along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语 是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可 单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语,不可独立使用,本身 不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等
3.二重介词 指由两个单一的介词并列在一起,作为一个介词使用并表达一个 完整意思的介词。常见的二重介词有:from among,from behind,from under,until /till after等。 4.短语介词 指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词 +形容词、介词+副词等构成的短语,常用的有:according to, along with,in front of,by means of,in spite of,together with,with regard to等。短语介词与介词短语不同。介词短语 是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可 单独使用;而短语介词是用作介词的短语,不可独立使用,本身 不能作句子成分,后面要跟名词、动名词或代词等
二、介词的用法及注意事项 1.介词的搭配与介词的选择 介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语相 结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词 要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前面用词 的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介 词。 2.介词的宾语 介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如: 名词:The car ran into a wall,.and two men were killed. 代词:Vherever he went,.he carried the photo with him. 形容词:Your plan is far from perfect. 副词:Ican't see the tower clearly from here. 动名词:He entered the room without taking off his hat. 不定式:He did nothing but cry 介词短语:She often studies till after midnight
二、介词的用法及注意事项 1.介词的搭配与介词的选择 介词不能在句子中独立充当一个成分,而需要与其后面的宾语相 结合,成为介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。所以选用什么介词 要根据其后面所接的宾语而定。但是,有时介词也受其前面用词 的限制,因此,许多情况下也应根据介词前面的词选用相应的介 词。 2.介词的宾语 介词的宾语可以是名词、代词或其他词类或句子等。例如: 名词:The car ran into a wall,and two men were killed. 代词:Wherever he went,he carried the photo with him. 形容词:Your plan is far from perfect. 副词:I can't see the tower clearly from here. 动名词:He entered the room without taking off his hat. 不定式:He did nothing but cry. 介词短语:She often studies till after midnight.
数词:He has a son of sixteen. 疑问词+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle. 疑问词引导从句:He does not care about who will be promoted. that引导的从句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak. 3。介词的语法功能 介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分, 构成 介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、 表语、 宾语 补是语、另一个芥词的宾语,简或作生语等。例如: The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel.( Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语) The decision is of great importance to me. (表语) They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语) A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语) On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(
数词:He has a son of sixteen. 疑问词+不定式:The problem of how to get enough money is difficult to settle. 疑问词引导从句:He does not care about who will be promoted. that引导的从句:Man differs from other animals in that man can laugh and speak. 3.介词的语法功能 介词与其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成 介词短语。介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语 补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主语等。例如: The skyscraper in the distance is a five-star hotel.(定语) Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语) The decision is of great importance to me.(表语) They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语) A pretty girl appeared from behind the curtain.(介词宾语) On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)