StructureandNamesofTheFourMajorDeoxyribonucleotidesdeoxyribonucleotides=structuralunitsofDNA-alsocalleddeoxyribonucleoside5'-monophosphatesdeoxynucleotides,anddeoxynucleosidetriphosphatesH.CDeoxyadenylateDeoxycytidylateNucleotide:DeoxyguanylateDeoxythymidylate(deoxyadenosine(deoxythyn(deoxycytidi(deoxygu5'-monophosphate)S'-monophosphate)5'-monophosphate)5'-monophosphate)Symbols:A, dA, dAMPG, dG, dGMPT, dT, dTMPC, dC, dCMPNucleoside:DeoxyadenosineDeoxygiDeoxythymidineDeoxycytidine(a)Deoxyribonucleotides
Structure and Names of The FourMajorRibonucleotidesribonucleotides=structuralunitsofRNA-alsocalledribonucleoside5'-monophosphatesNucleotideUridylate (uridineCytidylate(cytidineAdenylatesinGuanylate(guanosine5'-monophosphate)5'-monophosphate)S-monophosphate)5'-monophosphate)Symbols:A, AMPG,GMPU, UMPC, CMPNucleoside:AdenosineGuanosineUridineCytidine(b)Ribonucleotides
Minor Purine and Pyrimidine Basesmethylatedforms-mostcommoninDNARiboseRiboseRibosN6-Methyladenosine5-MethylcytidineInosinePseudouridineCH2OHH,CH,NRiboseRiboseRiboseRibose(a)N2-Methylguanosine(b)4-Thiouridine5-Hydroxymethylcytidine7-Methylguanosine
Nucleotides with Phosphate GroupsinDifferent Positionsribonucleoside2',3'-cyclicmonophosphates=isolatableintermediatesribonucleoside3'-Adenosine 5'-monophosphateAdenosine 2'-monophosphatemonophosphates=endproducts of RNAhydrolysisAdenineAdenineadenosine 3',5'-cyclicmonophosphate(cAMP)guanosine 3',5'-cyclic0monophosphate (cGMP)Adenosine3'-monophosphateAdenosine 2'3'-cyclicmonophosphate
Phosphodiester BondsLink SuccessiveNucleotides in Nucleic Acidsphosphodiesterlinkage:5En5'Encovalentbondthat joinssuccessivenucleotidesofbothDNAandRNA-betweenthe5'-phosphategroupofonenucleotideunitandthe3'-hydroxylgroup ofthenextnucleotide15