Diseases of Respiratory System 朱荣 上海医学院病理学系 东一号楼207室 Zhurongssafudan. edu.cn
1 朱 荣 上海医学院病理学系 东一号楼207室 zhurongss@fudan.edu.cn Diseases of Respiratory System
ANATOMY and FUNcTion Upper respiratory tract nose, pharynx, larynx Lower respiratory tract trachea bronchi Right bronchus diverging at a lesser angle, foreign material more frequently aspirated Lobar, segmental, lobular a Terminal airways and alveoli respiratory bronchiole alveolar sac alveolus
2 ANATOMY and FUNCTION ◼ Upper respiratory tract — nose, pharynx, larynx ◼ Lower respiratory tract — trachea & bronchi Right bronchus diverging at a lesser angle, foreign material more frequently aspirated Lobar, segmental, lobular ◼ Terminal airways and alveoli — respiratory bronchiole alveolar sac alveolus
Phat Epiglottis Thyroid cartilage Trachea Pleura Aper Terminal Left bronchus Bronchioles Alveolar duct Heart space Diaphragm Alveolus
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Bronchus 1. Mucosa ciliated column cell, goblet cell, basal cell, stem cell, small granule cell(neurosecretory granules) 2. Submucosal glands- serous and mucus 3. Wall -smooth muscle, contractile elastic fibers, provide flexibility cartilage plate, for support BronchioleΦ<1mm Mucosa ciliated epithelial cell Clara cell (non-ciliated secretary cell) ★ 2. Wall smooth muscle no gland no cartilage
4 Bronchiole Φ < 1mm 1. Mucosa — ciliated epithelial cell — Clara cell (non-ciliated secretary cell) 2. Wall — smooth muscle — no gland — no cartilage Bronchus 1. Mucosa ciliated column cell，goblet cell, basal cell, stem cell, small granule cell (neurosecretory granules) 2. Submucosal glands — serous and mucus 3. Wall — smooth muscle, contractile — elastic fibers, provide flexibility — cartilage plate, for support
Terminal airway and alveolus Type I Unit of gas exchange epithelium Type I the ultimate site of gas exchange ALVEOLUS ALVEOLAR respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, SPACE alveolar sac alveoli ° Alveolar type I cell 95% of the surface CAPILLARY gas permeable LUMEN ° Alveolar type ll cell 5% of the surface Type Il producing surfactant, lowering the surface tension, Endothelium involved in the re pair of alveolar epithelium Interstitial cell Endothelium 5
5 Terminal airway and alveolus • Unit of gas exchange the ultimate site of gas exchange — respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac, alveoli • Alveolar type I cell — 95% of the surface — gas permeable • Alveolar type II cell — 5% of the surface — producing surfactant, lowering the surface tension, involved in the repair of alveolar epithelium