设雾 第二章： 大气环流的外部强迫 Reference reading:PO Chapter 6.3 2022.9.22
第二章： 大气环流的外部强迫 2022.9.22 Reference reading：PO Chapter 6.3
设 大气环流的外部强迫 外部强迫与大气内部变率 选自谢尚平等 《揭开汛期降水变化的奥秘：厄尔尼诺回响曲》 授课教师：张洋 3
⼤⽓环流的外部强迫 授课教师：张洋 3 外部强迫与⼤⽓内部变率 选⾃谢尚平等 《揭开汛期降⽔变化的奥秘：厄尔尼诺回响曲》
设 Outline Global averaged feature 0 TOA(Top of the atmosphere) o Surface Latitudinal distribution(zonal averaged feature) o TOA Surface Zonal distribution o TOA Surface 授课教师：张洋4
Outline ! Global averaged feature " TOA (Top of the atmosphere) " Surface ! Latitudinal distribution (zonal averaged feature) " TOA " Surface ! Zonal distribution " TOA " Surface 授课教师：张洋 4
设雾 From the solar radiation... So--solar constant(1360~1370 W/m2), 太阳辐射通量 S=So Ta2 ≈340Wm-2， 辐射率 Flux 1366 W/m2 Solar Radiation Spectrum 2.5 UV Visible Infrared Sunlight at Top of the Atmosphere .5 5700'C Blackbody Spectrum Effective emission temperature: Radiation at Sea Level H20 74= 1-ap) 0.5 H20 Absorption Bands H20C02 H20 0 250 500 750100012501500175020002250 ,2500 Earth: T。=255K=-18C 实际大气：288K Wavelength(nm) 授课教师：张洋 5
From the solar radiation... 授课教师：张洋 5 So -- solar constant (1360~1370 W/m^2) , 太阳辐射通量 S = So ✓ ⇡a2 4⇡a2 ◆ ⇡ 340 Wm2 ，辐射率 Terrestrial Radiation: Effective emission temperature: 4 0 1 4 Earth: 255 18 Observed average surface temperature 288 15 S T a e p T K C e K C 5700 实际⼤⽓：288K
设 From the solar radiation... shortwave radiation longwave radiation ←TOA 107 Reflected Solar Incoming 235 Outgoing Radiation 342 Solar 3 Longwave 107wm2 (-2 Radiation Radiation 342Wm2 235Wm2 Reflected by Clouds and 77 40 Atmosphere (5 77 Emitted by 165 Atmospheric Atmosphere Window Greenhouse Absorbed by Gases energy 67 Atmosphere (+9) budget (3)24 Latent 78 Heat 5 350 40 324 Reflected by Back Surface Radiation 130 168 -13) 24■ 78 3904 Absorbed by Surtage hermals Evapo- Surface 324(+5) transplration Radlation Absorbed by Surface ←surface sensible heat atent heat 授课教师：张洋6
From the solar radiation... 授课教师：张洋 6 shortwave radiation longwave radiation sensible heat latent heat TOA surface energy budget