第三章： Iadley环流 WLST 10 AST IND EASTAIND Reference reading EAST WNDS WVEST Vallis Chapter 11.1-11.2;Lindzen 2005,Chapter 7; Held and Hou 1980.JAS 2022.10.13
A brief history of the Hadley circulation A brief history of the Hadley circulation 1. Hadley’s circulation model (1735) Greater solar heating in low latitudes lead to rising motion near the equator and sinking near the poles, with equatorward motion at low levels and poleward motion at low levels and poleward motion aloft completing the circuit. Because of the conservation of absolute velocity, the equatorward motion at low l l t t d h ii t levels turns westward when arriving at high latitudes and forms the trade wind. Hadley did not realize that the conservation involved is absolute ang , ular momentun, rather than velocity. He was also unaware of the effect of the Coriolis force, which would turn the poleward flow westerly. flow westerly. However, there is no simple argument eliminating the possibility of a single direct cell in each hemisphere, with or without the earth’s rotation 7 without the earth s rotation. 第三章： Hadley 环流 2022. 10. 13 Reference reading: Vallis Chapter 11.1-11.2; Lindzen 2005, Chapter 7; Held and Hou 1980, JAS
Zonally averaged meridional circulations Hadley Cell WEST WINDS EAST WINDS MERIDONAL Egustor CRCULAION EAST WINDS H EAST WINDS WEST WINDS 授课教师：张洋3
授课教师：张洋 3 Zonally averaged meridional circulations - Hadley Cell A brief history of the Hadley circulation A brief history of the Hadley circulation 1. Hadley’s circulation model (1735) Greater solar heating in low latitudes lead to rising motion near the equator and sinking near the poles, with equatorward motion at low levels and poleward motion at low levels and poleward motion aloft completing the circuit. Because of the conservation of absolute velocity, the equatorward motion at low l l t t d h ii t levels turns westward when arriving at high latitudes and forms the trade wind. Hadley did not realize that the conservation involved is absolute ang , ular momentun, rather than velocity. He was also unaware of the effect of the Coriolis force, which would turn the poleward flow westerly. flow westerly. However, there is no simple argument eliminating the possibility of a single direct cell in each hemisphere, with or without the earth’s rotation 7 without the earth s rotation
Hadley Cell Observations Meridional wind(y,经向风) From Peixoto and Oort,1992 F可o, 2 .0 ANNUAL -0.5 0.5 -0.2 (m s- 6 .5 0. --0.5 10 -1.0 0.5 二0.25 DJF 8 -0.4 0.25 0.5 -0.25 2.5 0 0 0.5y 10 0.5 1.0 0.5 -0.5 -0.2 0.25 -3.0 0.25 -0.4 2.5 -0.5 10 -0.5 C95 80705 60 50 40302010S 010N 2030 40 50 60 70N80
授课教师：张洋 4 Hadley Cell - Observations http://www.adultpdf.com Created by Image To PDF trial version, to remove this mark, please register this software. n Meridional wind (v, 经向⻛) From Peixoto and Oort, 1992
Hadley Cell Observations Vertical velocity(垂直速度) From Peixoto and Oort,1992 [可o ANNUAL 10-4mbs-1 0 -GLOBE 0.5 NH ---5H 10 DJF 0 0.5 0 8 .0 0 10 A 0 -0.5 -0.8 10 80705 60 50403020105010N203040 50 60 70N -0.5005 5 JX/八丁A/Iμ·J\T
授课教师：张洋 5 Hadley Cell - Observations n Vertical velocity (垂直速度) http://www.adultpdf.com Created by Image To PDF trial version, to remove this mark, please register this software. From Peixoto and Oort, 1992
Hadley Cell Observations Stream function(流函数) 纬向平均的连续方程： [cos [同 =0 R cos oo∂b ∂p 引入流函数： 8ub [可=92πRcosΦ0p ∂妙 [同=-92rR2cosΦ00 授课教师：张洋6
授课教师：张洋 6 Hadley Cell - Observations n Stream function (流函数) @[¯v] cos R cos @ + @[¯!] @p = 0 [¯v] = g @ 2⇡R cos @p [¯!] = g @ 2⇡R2 cos @ 纬向平均的连续⽅程： 引⼊流函数：