28 Functional Groups(官能团) The molecules of compounds in a particular family are characterized d by the presence of a certain arrangement of atoms Called a functional groups 1) Ethyne-----triple bond 2)Ethene-----double bond 3)Ethane---C-H and C-C bond 4) Alcohol- Hydroxyl group(OH羟基)(ROH)
2.8 Functional Groups (官能团） The molecules of compounds in a particular family are characterized by the presence of a certain arrangement of atoms Called a functional groups 1) Ethyne-----triple bond 2) Ethene-----double bond 3) Ethane--- C-H and C-C bond 4) Alcohol----Hydroxyl group (-OH 羟基) (R-OH)
28 Alkyl groups and the symbol r(烷基) They are groups that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen Atom from an alkane(烷烃) Alkane alkyl Group Abbreviation CH Me CH Methane Methyl group CH3CH CH3CH2 or CH Ethane Ethyl group R R is used as a general CH3 CH2CH3 (CH3)2CH symbol to represent any pane Isopropyl group alkyl group R R—H R
2.8 Alkyl groups and the symbol R (烷基） They are groups that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen Atom from an alkane (烷烃） Alkane alkyl Group Abbreviation CH4 CH3 - MeMethane Methyl group CH3CH3 CH3CH2 - or C2H5 - Et - Ethane Ethyl group Propane Isopropyl group i-PrCH3 CH2 CH3 (CH3 ) 2 CH - R R is used as a general symbol to represent any alkyl group R H R H R
29 Alkyl halides or haloalkanes(RX,X=F,C,Br,D卤代烷烃 1 Carbon 2 Carbon 3 Carbon CH3 H3C CH 1 Alkyl 2 Alkyl chloride 3Alkyl chloride Chloride Although we use the symbols 10, 20, 30, we do not say first degree, second degree, and third degree, we say primary, secondary, and tertiary
2.9 Alkyl halides or haloalkanes (RX, X=F, Cl, Br, I) 卤代烷烃 H H H H H Cl H H H Cl H H3C CH3 CH3 H Cl H H 1 Alkyl Chloride 0 2 Alkyl Chloride o 3 Alkyl Chloride 0 1 Carbon 0 2 Carbon 0 3 Carbon 0 Although we use the symbols 10 , 20 , 30 , we do not say first degree, second degree, and third degree; we say primary, secondary, and tertiary
210 Alcohols醇 1)As hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes 2)As alkyl derivatives of water This is the functional group of an alcohol O—H CHCH CHrCH 2 109 105 Ethane Ethyl alcohol or ethanol water
2.10 Alcohols 醇 1) As hydroxyl derivatives of alkanes. 2) As alkyl derivatives of water. O H This is the functional group of an alcohol CH3CH3 CH3 CH2 O H 109 0 H O H 105 0 Ethane Ethyl alcohol or ethanol water
Primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol CH2CH,OH Ethanol CHCH,CH,OH Propanol CH2OH Geraniol香叶醇,牦牛儿醇 Primary alcohol (伯醇) CHOH Ben苄基醇 alcohol
Primary alcohol, secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol CH3CH2OH Ethanol Primary alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH Propanol CH2OH Geraniol 香 叶 醇 ， 牦 牛 儿 醇 CH2OH Benzyl alcohol 苄 基 醇 （ 伯 醇 ）