182 G Acyl chlorides(酰氯) acyl chlorides are also called acid chlorides They are named by dropping -ic acid from the name of the acid and then adding -yl chloride. Examples are R——c CH3C—c|CH3CH2C—cl A cyi group Acetyl chloride Propanoyl chloride Benzoyl chloride 酰基 酰氯 丙酰氯 苯甲酰氯
18.2G Acyl chlorides (酰氯） Acyl chlorides are also called acid chlorides. They are named by dropping –ic acid from the name of the acid and then adding –yl chloride. Examples are CH3C O R C Cl O Acyl group CH3CH2C O Cl O Cl Acetyl chloride Propanoyl chloride Benzoyl chloride 酰 基 酰 氯 丙 酰 氯 苯 甲 酰 氯
18.2 H Amides(酰胺) NH R——c CH3C—NH2CH3CH2C一NHz2 Acyl group Acetamide Propanamide Benzamide 酰基 酰胺 丙酰胺 苯甲酰胺 C6H5 CH3C—NHCH3CH3C—N(cH)2CH3C—N CH2 CH3 N-Methylacetamide N, N-Dimethylacetamide N-Phenyl-N-propylacetamide N-甲基乙酰胺N,N-二甲基乙酰胺N-苯基-N-丙基乙酰胺
18.2H Amides (酰胺） CH3C O R NH2 C O Acyl group CH3CH2C O NH2 O NH2 Acetamide Propanamide Benzamide 酰 基 酰 胺 丙 酰 胺 苯 甲 酰 胺 CH3C O NHCH3 N-Methylacetamide N-甲 基 乙 酰 胺 CH3C O N(CH3) 2 N,N-Dimethylacetamide N,N-二 甲 基 乙 酰 胺 CH3C O N C6H5 CH2CH2CH3 N-Phenyl-N-propylacetamide N-苯 基 -N-丙 基 乙 酰 胺
18. I Nitriles(腈) CHxc≡NCH3CH2CH2C=NCH2=CHG=三N Ethanenitrile Butanenitrile Propenenitrile acetonitrile) 乙睛 丁睛 丙烯腈 C-N C-N Benzenecarbonitrile Cyclohexanecarbonitrile (benzonitrile 苯甲睛 环己基甲睛
18.2I Nitriles (腈） CH3 C N CH3 CH2 CH2 C N CH2 =CHC N Ethanenitrile (acetonitrile) Butanenitrile Propenenitrile 乙 腈 丁 腈 丙 烯 腈 C N C N Benzenecarbonitrile (benzonitrile) Cyclohexanecarbonitrile 苯 甲 腈 环 己 基 甲 腈
18.2J Spectroscopic properties of acyl compounds C=0 Carboxylic acid; RCOOH 1700-1725cm-I IHNMR; RCOOHδH10-12 Arcooh 1680-1700cm' Acid anhydride; Ester: R1800-1850cm1 C=0 R R R 1735-1750cm1 Ar1780-1860D、1 OR 1715-1730cm Acyl chloride; Amides C=0 C=0 R CI and ar c!1780-1850cm1R NH21630-1690cm
18.2J Spectroscopic properties of acyl compounds IR; Carboxylic acid; RCOOH 1700-1725cm-1 ArCOOH 1680-1700cm-1 C=O Acid anhydride; R O O O R Ar O O O Ar 1800-1850cm-1 1780-1860cm-1 C=O Acyl chloride; R O Cl and Ar O Cl 1780-1850cm-1 Ester; R O OR' 1735-1750cm-1 Ar O OR' 1715-1730cm-1 C=O C=O C=O C=O Amides; R O NH2 1630-1690cm-1 C=O 1H NMR; RCOOH H 10-12
18.3 Preparation of carboxylic acids 1. By oxidation of alkenes 1)KMnO4, OH RCHCHR RCooH RCOOH 2)H3O RCH=CRR")KMnO. OH rcooh Rcor 2)H3O 2. By oxidation of aldehydes and primary alcohols. RCHo D )Ag20, or Ag(NH3)3OH. RCOOH t Ag 2)H2O (Mirror reaction D)KMnO4, OH RCHbOH RCOOH 2)H3O
18.3 Preparation of carboxylic acids 1. By oxidation of alkenes. RCH=CHR' 1) KMnO4 , OH - 2) H3O + RCOOH + R'COOH RCH CR'R" 1) KMnO4 , OH - 2) H3O + RCOOH + R'COR'' 2. By oxidation of aldehydes and primary alcohols. RCHO 1) Ag2O, or Ag(NH3 ) 3OH - 2) H3O + RCOOH + Ag 1) KMnO4 , OH - 2) H3O + (Mirror reaction) RCH2 OH RCOOH