Environmenta/ factors /BD is more prevalent in developed countries and more common in white-collar workers 口 Risk of uc Negative: Breast feeding, appendectomy, smoking Positive. "Western diet left-handedness depression Risk of cd Smoking, second-hand smoke
Environmental factors IBD is more prevalent in developed countries and more common in white-collar workers Risk of UC Negative: Breast feeding, appendectomy, smoking Positive: “Western diet” , left-handedness, depression Risk of CD Smoking, second-hand smoke
Genetic factors High Family incidence, but low with spouse Concordance for CD in twins Mutations of Gene -Polygene disease and heterogenetical disease
Genetic factors High Family incidence, but low with spouse Concordance for CD in twins Mutations of Gene Polygene disease and heterogenetical disease
Infected factors Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Paramyxovirus Measles virus ■ Helicobacter species
Infected factors Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Paramyxovirus Measles virus Helicobacter species
Immune factors Abnormal immune response to auto-intestinal normal fungus Abnormal function of cells CD Typical T-helper 1(Th1)(ce/l-mediated) reaction UC Atypical T-helper 2(Th2)(humoral) reaction Non-immunological cells. epithelia/ cel, vascular endothelia/ce∥ -Immune cytokines and medium ROMS. NO
Immune factors Abnormal immune response to auto-intestinal normal fungus Abnormal function of T cells CD Typical T-helper 1 (Th1) (cell-mediated) reaction UC Atypical T-helper 2 (Th2) (humoral) reaction Non-immunological cells: epithelial cell, vascular endothelial cell Immune cytokines and medium ROMs, NO
Definitions Ulcerative colitis is a continuous inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum and typically involves only the innermost lining or mucosa, with no segments of normal tissue Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing, focal asymmetric, transmural inflammation of the gut anywhere between the mouth and the anus but is predominantly seen in the terminal ileum and/or colon
Ulcerative colitis is a continuous inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum and typically involves only the innermost lining or mucosa, with no segments of normal tissue. Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing, focal, asymmetric, transmural inflammation of the gut anywhere between the mouth and the anus, but is predominantly seen in the terminal ileum and/or colon. Definitions