高分 秘笈 阅读理解解题技巧 指代关系(1) 代词的两种考法 在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词,如:it,they,that,this, which,as,so等, 其中it,that,this等代词在语篇中出现的频率较高,它们不仅能起指代作用,用来代替 上下文涉及的人、事或物,同时还能起到承上启下,体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。 代词一般是“回指”前面提到过的某一事物或内容。如 Our curtains look dirty. They need a good wash.(They ofa our curtains) 但有时也“预指”后面出现的某一事物或内容。如: I shall say this to you: he is an honest man.(this预指冒号后面的 he is an honest mman 高考的阅读理解题中有关代词的指代关系的考查,主要有两类: 1.直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容。 【例①】 However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10, 000 hours studying and practicing In this Paragraph, the under lined word"that refers to d at B. setting a practical goal C. putting in more time D. succeeding in life 解析:that是回指前句中的“ set a goal and then gradually make it more 答案:B 2.间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握
6 ach_him_a_lesson. 阅读理解解题技巧 指代关系（1） 代词的两种考法 在阅读语篇中我们常常遇到一些代词，如：it，they，that，this，which，as，so 等， 其中 it，that，this 等代词在语篇中出现的频率较高，它们不仅能起指代作用，用来代替 上下文涉及的人、事或物，同时还能起到承上启下，体现语篇中各个句子之间的衔接关系。 代词一般是“回指”前面提到过的某一事物或内容。如： Our curtains look dirty. They need a good wash.(They 回指 our curtains) 但有时也“预指”后面出现的某一事物或内容。如： I shall say this to you：he is an honest man.(this 预指冒号后面的 he is an honest man) 高考的阅读理解题中有关代词的指代关系的考查，主要有两类： 1．直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容。 【例❶】 However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that,_in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and practicing. In this Paragraph, the underlined word “that” refers to________． A．being good at something B．setting a practical goal C．putting in more time D．succeeding in life 解析：that 是 回指前句 中的“set a goal and then gradually make it more practical”。 答案：B 2．间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握
因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用,在解答某些细节题时,如果不弄清代 词的指代内容,就很难选出正确的答案。解题时,考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上 下句的衔接关系,从而找到问题的答案。 【例②】 It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where lisa briefly regained consciousness felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. When did lisa become conscious again? A. When the train was leaving. B. After she was back on the platform. C. After the police and fire officials came D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head 解析:解答本题的关键是理解“ That was where Lisa briefly regained consc lousiness(那就是丽莎苏醒的地方)”中的that。结合前句,不难看出that是回指the platform 答案:B 巧学活用 阅读下列文段节选,从每题所给的A,B,C和D项中,选出最佳选项 1. Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lip-reading But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time But now he can talk to all four of his kids again The underlined word“that” refers to A. hearing loss B. using a special microphone C. lip-reading D. attending a course on lip reading 解析:结合that所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接,可知that是回指 lip-reading 答案:C
7 因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用，在解答某些细节题时，如果不弄清代 词的指代内容，就很难选出正确的答案。解题时，考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上 下句的衔接关系，从而找到问题的答案。 【例❷】 It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse. When did Lisa become conscious again? A．When the train was leaving. B．After she was back on the platform. C．After the police and fire officials came. D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head. 解析： 解 答 本 题 的 关 键 是 理 解 “That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness(那就是丽莎苏醒的地方)”中的 that。结合前句，不难看出 that 是回指 the platform。 答案：B 阅读下列文段节选，从每题所给的 A，B，C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 1．Valderzak had adjusted to his hearing loss with the help of a special microphone and a crash lesson in lipreading. But that meant he could only talk to one person at a time. But now he can talk to all four of his kids again. The underlined word “that” refers to “________”． A．hearing loss B．using a special microphone C．lipreading D．attending a course on lip reading 解析：结合 that 所在句的句意及上下文意义的衔接，可知 that 是回指 lipreading。 答案：C