2、胶体溶液有效维持血浆胶体渗透压,改善微 循环,提高血压 (1)右旋糖酐: 中右:提高血浆胶体渗透压,扩充血容量 低右:改善微循环,抗血栓形成。 (2)代血浆:作用与低右类似,如羟乙基淀粉 (3)浓缩白蛋白:减轻组织水肿。 (4)水解蛋白:纠正低蛋白血症。 3、静脉高营养液氨基酸、脂肪乳剂
2、胶体溶液 有效维持血浆胶体渗透压，改善微 循环，提高血压。 （1）右旋糖酐： 中右：提高血浆胶体渗透压，扩充血容量。 低右：改善微循环，抗血栓形成。 （2）代血浆：作用与低右类似，如羟乙基淀粉。 （3）浓缩白蛋白：减轻组织水肿。 （4）水解蛋白：纠正低蛋白血症。 3、静脉高营养液 氨基酸、脂肪乳剂
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS SOTONIC Solutions with the same osmolality as body fluids ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS 0. 9% saline(NS) 5% dextrose in water(D5W) 5% dextrose in 0. 225% saline(5%D/1/4 NS) Lactated Ringer's solution(LR) solution
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS ◼ ISOTONIC – Solutions with the same osmolality as body fluids ◼ ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS – 0.9% saline (NS) – 5% dextrose in water (D5W) – 5% dextrose in 0.225% saline (5% D/1/4 NS) – Lactated Ringer’s solution (LR) solution
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS CRYSTALLOIDS Solutions that contain electrolytes May be used for fluid volume replacement
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS ◼ CRYSTALLOIDS – Solutions that contain electrolytes – May be used for fluid volume replacement
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS COLLOIDS Also called plasma expanders Used to increase the vascular volume rapidly, such as in hemorrhage or severe ypovolemla COLLOID SOLUTIONS Dextran Albumin
TYPES OF SOLUTIONS ◼ COLLOIDS – Also called plasma expanders – Used to increase the vascular volume rapidly, such as in hemorrhage or severe hypovolemia ◼ COLLOID SOLUTIONS – Dextran – Albumin
常用静脉输液法 (一)周围静脉输液法 评估:病情、配合程度、穿刺部位的皮肤、 血管状况、肢体活动度。 计划:难 棉签盒 液器出血带
常用静脉输液法 （一）周围静脉输液法 评估：病情、配合程度、穿刺部位的皮肤、 血管状况、肢体活动度。 计划：