Overview of mortality trend 1. In pre-modern times, people could expect to live about 20 to 30 years. Infant mortality was 300 and higher and child mortality higher than 500 2. Today, people can expect to live 70 years and more in all developed countries and many developing countries MDC: steady decline in mortality in the last 200 years. eo 10. increased from 40 to 80, and imrs decreased to less than a. Russia and many of the countries of the former Soviet Union experienced mortality reversals in the 1990s (2 Improving LDC: a very rapid increase in eo over the last 50 years. Today eo is at or near MDCs 3 Stagnant LDC: eo between 40 and 50 and IMRs of over 100
Overview of Mortality Trend 1. In pre-modern times, people could expect to live about 20 to 30 years. Infant mortality was 300 and higher and child mortality higher than 500. 2. Today, people can expect to live 70 years and more in all developed countries and many developing countries. ①MDC : steady decline in mortality in the last 200 years. e0 increased from 40 to 80, and IMRs decreased to less than 10. a. Russia and many of the countries of the former Soviet Union experienced mortality reversals in the 1990s. ②Improving LDC : a very rapid increase in e0 over the last 50 years. Today e0 is at or near MDCs ③Stagnant LDC : e0 between 40 and 50 and IMRs of over 100
All cause mortality in the U.S. 1900-1999 3000 2500 2000 88名标 1500 1000 500 0 19001905191019151920192519301935194019451950195519601965197019751980199519901995
All cause mortality in the U.S., 1900-1999
Sources of life Expectancy Improvement by 5.0 s3.0 口 Infants(<1) 口 Children(1-14) 口 Young Adults(1544) a older Adults(45-84) 2.0 u Elderly(65+ 0.0 1900 194060 Time Period
Sources of Life Expectancy Improvement by Age, U.S
What caused mortality declines? 1. Public health model O Improvements in mortality are due to public health factors, such as nutrition and hygiene 2)Pneumonia and influenza 2. Medical model (1 Disease and illness can be isolated and treated by medicine. Therefore mortality declined with the advance of modern medicine ② Antibiotics
What caused mortality declines? 1. Public health model: ① Improvements in mortality are due to public health factors, such as nutrition and hygiene. ② Pneumonia and influenza 2. Medical Model: ① Disease and illness can be isolated and treated by medicine. Therefore, mortality declined with the advance of modern medicine. ② Antibiotics
Pneumonia Influenza deaths 1800 Sulfa Drugs 1600t elden covered 1400 1200 used 8 1000 infants 800 2600 400 age-adjusted 200 · 19001905191019151920192519301935194019451950195519601965197019751980198519901995
Pneumonia & Influenza Deaths