Operating Systems G Chapter 8: Multiple Processor Systems H 8.1 Multiprocessors E 8.2 Multicomputers a8.3 Virtualization 48.4 Distributed systems Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 3 Chapter 8: Multiple Processor Systems 8.1 Multiprocessors 8.2 Multicomputers 8.3 Virtualization 8.4 Distributed systems
Operating Systems Multiprocessor Systems c The computer industry has been driven by an endless quest for more and more computing power. G One approach to greater speed is through massively parallel computers. Highly parallel computers are often used for heavy number crunching Another relevant development is the incredibly rapid growth of the internet Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 4 Multiprocessor Systems The computer industry has been driven by an endless quest for more and more computing power. One approach to greater speed is through massively parallel computers. Highly parallel computers are often used for heavy number crunching. Another relevant development is the incredibly rapid growth of the Internet
Operating Systems Multiprocessor Systems ocal CPU memory Complete system Inter- HCHM Shared connect Internet memory M 回回回回回 回回园回 回回 G Continuous need for faster computers E Share memory mode H message passing multi computer(tight-coupled) H wide area distributed system(loose-coupled Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 5 Multiprocessor Systems Continuous need for faster computers share memory model message passing multi computer (tight-coupled) wide area distributed system (loose-coupled)
Operating Systems Multiprocessors Share-memory multiprocessor: A computer system in which two or more CPUs share full access to a common ram every cpu has equal access to the CPU entire physical memory can read and write individual words using load and store Shared instructions memory data speed: 10-50nsec 回卤回回 Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 6 Multiprocessors Share-memory multiprocessor: A computer system in which two or more CPUs share full access to a common RAM ▪ every CPU has equal access to the entire physical memory ▪ can read and write individual words using LOAD and STORE instructions ▪ data speed: 10-50nsec
Operating Systems Multiprocessors UMA( Uniform Memory Access统一内存访问) 口每个存储器字的读出速度是一样快的。 UMA Multiprocessors with Bus-Based Architectures UMA Multiprocessor Using Crossbar Switches(交叉 开关) UMA Multiprocessor Using Multistage Switching Networks(多级交换网) NUMA( Nonuniform Memory access,非统一内存 访问) Gao Haichang, Software School, Xidian University
Operating Systems Gao Haichang , Software School, Xidian University 7 Multiprocessors UMA ( Uniform Memory Access，统一内存访问 ) 每个存储器字的读出速度是一样快的。 ➢ UMA Multiprocessors with Bus-Based Architectures ➢ UMA Multiprocessor Using Crossbar Switches（交叉 开关） ➢ UMA Multiprocessor Using Multistage Switching Networks（多级交换网络） NUMA ( Nonuniform Memory Access，非统一内存 访问 )