The Cyclotron and Fission Research For neutron sources from the cyclotron, energy can be varied Energy dependence of neutron induced fission studied The cross section data enabled nuclear reactor design fast neutrons- 10 Mev to 10 Kev) slow neutrons-003 to 0.001 eV for neutron induced fission Nuclear fission 11
Nuclear Fission 11 The Cyclotron and Fission Research For neutron sources from the cyclotron, energy can be varied. Energy dependence of neutron induced fission studied. The cross section data enabled nuclear reactor design. fast neutrons - 10 MeV to 10 KeV) slow neutrons - 0.03 to 0.001 eV for neutron induced fission
Chapter 4. Power From Fission Introduction 2. Characteristics of fission 3. General Features 4. Commercial reactors 5. Nuclear reactor Safety 6. Nuclear reactor Accidents Key elements fuel. neutron moderator. control rod. neutron detector and radioactivity detectors, products
Chapter 4. Power From Fission 1. Introduction 2. Characteristics of Fission 3. General Features 4. Commercial Reactors 5. Nuclear Reactor Safety 6. Nuclear Reactor Accidents Key elements: fuel, neutron moderator, control rod, neutron detector and radioactivity detectors, products
3. 1 a nuclear power plant Biological …:1:g:…: shield Control rods Reflect Steam to turbine Turbine exchanger Condenser Return water Fuel rod Core Pressure vessel pump Simplified schematic layout of a typical reactor power plant
Simplified schematic layout of a typical reactor power plant. 3.1 A nuclear power plant
Control rods, containing neutron-absorbing elements (boron or cadmium) pressure vessels must be capable of withstanding internal pressures up to 160 bar A biological shield, normally several feet of concrete, surrounds the entire system Its purpose is to attenuate the intensity and neutron radiations to levels that are safe for humans outside the plant The coolant is pumped through the core inside the pressure vessel and through heat exchangers outside, where steam is generated and used to drive turbines for generating electric power Core: The melting point of uranium is 1403 K, The melting point of uo is 3138 K
Control rods, containing neutron-absorbing elements (boron or cadmium) pressure vessels must be capable of withstanding internal pressures up to 160 bar. A biological shield, normally several feet of concrete, surrounds the entire system. Its purpose is to attenuate the intensity and neutron radiations to levels that are safe for humans outside the plant The coolant is pumped through the core inside the pressure vessel and through heat exchangers outside, where steam is generated and used to drive turbines for generating electric power. Core: The melting point of uranium is 1403 K, The melting point of UO2 is 3138 K
Optimizing the design Uranium graphite assemblies 23U:0.72G;n=1.328 23:1600%;"n=1.654 M/N P k 100.0 0.944 0.480 0.602 0.968 0.482 0.771 200.0 0.894 0.599 0.712 0938 0.60l 0.931 3000 0.849 0.660 0.744 0909 0.661 0.995 400.0 0.808 0.699 0.751 0883 0.700 1.022 500.0 0.771 0.727 0.745 0.858 0.728 1.032 600.0 0.738 0.748 0.733 0.834 0.749 1033 700.0 0.707 0.765 0.718 0.811 0.766 1.027 800.0 0.678 0.778 0.701 0.790 0.779 1018 900.0 0.652 0.790 0.684 0.770 0.791 1.007 1000.0 0.628 0.800 0.667 0.751 0.801 0.994 f is a decreasing function and p an increasing function of moderator -to-fuel ratio NM/NF
Optimizing the design f is a decreasing function and p an increasing function of moderator-to-fuel ratio NM / NF Uranium ~ graphite assemblies