Chapter 3 Basic Instrumentation for Nuclear Technology Outline of experiment 1. Accelerators get particles(e.g. protons,.) 2. Detectors accelerate them throw them against each other observe and record what happens 3. Reactors analyse and interpret the data
Chapter 3. Basic Instrumentation for Nuclear Technology 1. Accelerators 2. Detectors 3. Reactors Outline of experiment: • get particles (e.g. protons, …) • accelerate them • throw them against each other • observe and record what happens • analyse and interpret the data
1. Accelerators History-Why Particle sources Acceleration stage Space charge Diagnostics Application
• History-Why • Particle Sources • Acceleration stage • Space charge • Diagnostics • Application 1.Accelerators
2. Detectors Gas-Filled Radiation Detectors ionization chambers proportional counters Geiger-Muller counters Scintillation Detectors Photomultiplier tube Semiconductor detectors photographic films Personal dosimeters photographic emulsion plates Others Cloud and bubble chambers Particle identification E-△E.TOF Measurement theory Detection Equipment
Gas-Filled Radiation Detectors Scintillation Detectors Semiconductor Detectors Personal Dosimeters Others Particle identification Measurement theory Detection Equipment ionization chambers proportional counters Geiger-Muller counters E-ΔE, TOF photographic films photographic emulsion plates Cloud and Bubble Chambers Photomultiplier tube 2. Detectors
3. Reactors Reactions Involving Neutrons Sustained, moderation Thermal-Neutron Properties of Fuels General features The Neutron Life Cycle in a Thermal Reactor Homogeneous and Heterogeneous cores Reflectors Reactor Kinetics Reactivity Effects(feedback)
3. Reactors Reactions Involving Neutrons Thermal-Neutron Properties of Fuels General features The Neutron Life Cycle in a Thermal Reactor Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Cores Reflectors Reactor Kinetics Reactivity Effects (feedback) Sustained, moderation
n+235U→X+Y+n+y+△E200MeV Kr 1r SSU U a5 in 馨n 结Ba The energy produced by the breaking down of the atom is a very poor kind of thing Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformations of these atoms is talking moonshine. Lord Ernest Rutherford, 1933
“The energy produced by the breaking down of the atom is a very poor kind of thing. Anyone who expects a source of power from the transformations of these atoms is talking moonshine.” Lord Ernest Rutherford, 1933. n + 235U → X + Y+ n + γ + E 200 MeV