doN Function ow normal high Epithelium flat cuboidal columnar Colloid thick even thin puberty, pregnancy,Transient -> Involution physiologic stress hyperplasia 复旧
Function low normal high Epithelium flat cuboidal columnar Colloid thick even thin puberty, pregnancy, physiologic stress Transient hyperplasia Involution 复旧
Thⅴroid ★ parafollicular cells (C cells) calcitonin +↓ absorption of resorption of bone calcium(skeletal by osteoclasts system)
Thyroid ◼ parafollicular cells (“C” cells) calcitonin + − resorption of bone by osteoclasts absorption of calcium (skeletal system)
Thyroid diseases Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Mass lesions Graves disease nontoxic goiter (simple goiter) Thyroiditis Neoplasms of thyroid
Thyroid diseases Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Mass lesions Graves disease nontoxic goiter（simple goiter） Thyroiditis Neoplasms of thyroid
Graves disease In 1835. Robert Graves reported violent and long continued palpitations in females "associated with enlargement of the thyroid gland 20-40, women genetic factors
In 1835, Robert Graves reported “violent and long continued palpitations in females” associated with enlargement of the thyroid gland 20 -40, women genetic factors Graves Disease
Graves disease Characterized by a triad of menifestations Thyrotoxicosis caused by hyperfunctional, diffuse enlargement of the thyroid(100%) An infiltrative ophthalmopathy with resultant exophthalmos A localized, infiltrative dermopathy/pretibial myxedema
Characterized by a triad of menifestations: • Thyrotoxicosis caused by hyperfunctional, diffuse enlargement of the thyroid (100%) • An infiltrative ophthalmopathy with resultant exophthalmos (40%) • A localized, infiltrative dermopathy/pretibial myxedema Graves Disease