2)Lactic acid fermentation Homolactate fermentation For example,Lactobacillus delbruckii,Streptococcus faecalis EMP pathway (pyruvate lactate Heterolactate fermentation (PK pathway) Leuconostoc mesenteroides (PK) generates energy:1ATP Bifidobacterium bifidum (PK、HK) generates energy:2G->5 ATP,1G->2.5ATP
2）Lactic acid fermentation Homolactate fermentation For example, Lactobacillus delbruckii, Streptococcus faecalis —— EMP pathway（pyruvate lactate ） Heterolactate fermentation （PK pathway） Leuconostoc mesenteroides （PK） generates energy：1ATP Bifidobacterium bifidum （PK、HK） generates energy： 2G → 5 ATP, 1G → 2.5ATP
3)mixed acid,butanediol fermentation a.mixed acid fermentation E.coli,Salmonella Shiella C02+H2 lactate dehydrogenase lactate Pyruvate formate lyase acetyl-CoA_+formyl 1G phosphotransacetylase pyruvate aldehyde dehydrogenase acetokinase Alcohol dehydrogenase acetate ethanol Methylmalony CoA oxaloacetate →Propionic carboxyltransferase acid
3) mixed acid, butanediol fermentation a.mixed acid fermentation ： ——E.coli, Salmonella , Shiella 1 G pyruvate lactate lactate dehydrogenase acetyl-CoA +formyl Pyruvate formate lyase oxaloacetate Propionic acid Methylmalonyl CoA carboxyltransferase phosphotransacetylase aldehyde dehydrogenase acetokinase Alcohol dehydrogenase acetate ethanol CO2 + H2
b.butanediol fermentation Enterobacter,Serratia (acetolactate dehydrogenase) pyruvate acetolactate 3-hydroxy butanone V.P.test: (0H、02) Red substance diacetyl butanediol neutral Two important reaction: 1.V.P.test 2.methylene red (M.R)test Enterobacter aerogenes:methylene red (- E.coli:V.P.(-)methylene red (+
b.butanediol fermentation —— Enterobacter, Serratia pyruvate acetolactate 3-hydroxy butanone Red substance diacetyl (acetolactate dehydrogenase) （OH-、O2） neutral butanediol Two important reaction: 1. V. P. test 2. methylene red (M.R) test Enterobacter aerogenes: methylene red （-） E.coli: V.P. （-）, methylene red （+） V.P. test:
4)acetone-butanol fermentation mixed,acetone:butanol ethanol =3:6:1) -Clostridium acetobutyricum 2 pyruvate -2 acetyl-CoA acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase acetoacetyl-CoA_ (acetate CoA transferase) (acetoacetate decarboxylase) butanol acetone +CO2
4) acetone-butanol fermentation （ mixed, acetone:butanol : ethanol = 3：6：1） ——Clostridium acetobutyricum 2 pyruvate 2 acetyl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA acetone +CO2 （acetate CoA transferase） butanol acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase （acetoacetate decarboxylase）
5) stickland reaction Main point:amino acid oxidation couples with other amino acids reduction,generates 1ATP hydrogen donors (oxidation )amino acid: Ala,Leu,Ile,Val,His,Ser;Phe,Tyr;Try hydrogen acceptors (reduction)amino acid: Gly,Pro,Arg,Met,Leo,and so on
5）stickland reaction Main point：amino acid oxidation couples with other amino acids reduction, generates 1ATP hydrogen donors (oxidation ) amino acid: Ala, Leu, Ile, Val, His, Ser, Phe, Tyr, Try hydrogen acceptors (reduction) amino acid: Gly, Pro, Arg, Met, Leo, and so on