2. Structural complication The structure complication of the third sentence lies in its beginning with a prepositional phrase. And the fourth sentence contains a subordinate clause and a parenthetic structure. 3. Structural formality structure in that they are all grammatical作y们 All the sentences in the selection are formal i complete and free from any colloquial structure
• 2. Structural complication： • The structure complication of the third sentence lies in its beginning with a prepositional phrase. And the fourth sentence contains a subordinate clause and a parenthetic structure. • 3. Structural formality： • All the sentences in the selection are formal in structure in that they are all grammatically complete and free from any colloquial structure
4 Parallel structure In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, super-Power rivals and military confrontation; within and among; central Asia or the ormer Yugoslavia; and Asia and africa 5 Lexical cohesive device Examples could be identified as follows: super-Power rivals is used as a specification for cold war; nternational community is used as a near synonym for the world; cold war and multi-ethnic are repeated conflict is used as a near synonym for confrontation, and so on
• 4. Parallel structure： • In the selection, parallel structures are frequently used, for example, super-Power rivals and military confrontation; within and among; central Asia or the former Yugoslavia; and Asia and Africa. • 5. Lexical cohesive device： • Examples could be identified as follows: super-Power rivals is used as a specification for cold war; international community is used as a near synonym for the world; cold war and multi-ethnic are repeated; conflict is used as a near synonym for confrontation, and so on
6, Lexical formality Formal words including nominalizations, can be found throughout the selection such as diverse, ramification, palpable cessation, confrontation, bipolarity, progressive, adverse, and many others
• 6. Lexical formality： • Formal words, including nominalizations, can be found throughout the selection such as diverse, ramification, palpable, cessation, confrontation, bipolarity, progressive, adverse, and many others
C) Background knowledge (1) The cold war refers to the cold war between the former soviet union and the united states (2)The super powers also refer to the former Soviet Union and the united states B3 Bipolarity refers to the two poles leading by the former soviet union and the united states
• C) Background knowledge: • (1) The cold war refers to the cold war between the former Soviet Union and the United States; • (2) The super powers also refer to the former Soviet Union and the United States; • (3) Bipolarity refers to the two poles leading by the former Soviet Union and the United States
2)Staged translation o A) Translation 1 的各种分支甚至在今天的世界也能感受得到,已经快十年过去 使国家内部和 变化的安 ,国际大家庭仍然在同两极对抗 后果作 族国家的 剧的例子。在亚洲和非洲的某些从前的 战代理战场由于不稳定仍在继续运转 Comments The above is basically a word-for-word translation though some of the prepositional phrases are fronted in the translating process according to Chir norms. Consequently, improper structuring and wording can be found here and there. For example,已经快十年过去 inappropriately placed at the end of the sentence and is necessary to be transpositioned 变化的安排是恰当的 lis employed as the translation of set in train, Which sounds exotic and may, probably be a mistranslation; the puzzling expression O某些从前的冷战代理战场由于不稳定仍在继续运转, puzzling for ts exoticness, should be retranslated
2) Staged translation: • A) Translation 1: • 冷战的结束的各种分支甚至在今天的世界也能感受得到，已经快十年过去了。 超级大国的竞争和军事对抗的停止，使国家内部和国家之间发生了一系列循 序渐进的变化，变化的安排是恰当的。同时，国际大家庭仍然在同两极对抗 崩溃的坏的后果作斗争。跟着几个多民族国家的解体，内部民族冲突，不管 是在中亚还是在前南斯拉夫，都是悲剧的例子。在亚洲和非洲的某些从前的 冷战代理战场由于不稳定仍在继续运转。 • Comments: • The above is basically a word-for-word translation though some of the prepositional phrases are fronted in the translating process according to Chinese norms. Consequently, improper structuring and wording can be found here and there. For example, 已经快十年过去了is inappropriately placed at the end of the sentence and is necessary to be transpositioned; 变化的安排是恰当的is employed as the translation of set in train, which sounds exotic and may probably be a mistranslation; the puzzling expression of某些从前的冷战代理战场由于不稳定仍在继续运转, puzzling for its exoticness, should be retranslated