English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates I Listening Comprehension(20 point) Directions: In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the aNSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre L.A. a disea B a potential cure for AIDS C immune system 2. A. High fever. roken leg C. ca 3. A Doctors dont know what B. Doctors dont like to treat patients with AIDS C. aIDS attacks the immune D. AIDS patients refuse to receive any treatment offered by doctors 4.A C. desirable D. inefficient 5. A. They might find it hard to live with him B. They mig uch as to spoil him C. Th D. They might love him more than average parents do 6. A. The parents' dream is nothing but a false illusion B. The child will not look like their former child C. The child will be spoiled D. The child may fail to fulfill the parents' dream 7. A. The children s interests are more important B. The parents' wishes should be respected C. The reasons for cloning children are justified D. There is a need to clone children 8. A. They try them on first B. They put their right hand on them C. They just have a look D. They feel and touch them 9. A. The things are used by people very often. C. People know how to use the things so they dont need to feel them D. The things are easy to feel but difficult to see 10.A. Touching by Feeling B. To See or to feel C. To See Better--Feel Ways of Feeling With Your Feet
English Entrance Examination for Non-English Major Doctoral Candidates March 15, 2003 I. Listening Comprehension (20 point) Section One Directions: In this section, you will hear three short talks. At the end of each talk, you will hear some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 1. A. a disease B. a potential cure for AIDS C. immune system D. a patient suffering from AIDS 2. A. High fever. B. Broken legs. C. Cancer. D. AIDS. 3. A. Doctors don’t know what causes AIDS. B. Doctors don’t like to treat patients with AIDS. C. AIDS attacks the immune system, turning good cells into bad ones. D. AIDS patients refuse to receive any treatment offered by doctors. 4. A. perfect. B. inadequate C. desirable D. inefficient 5. A. They might find it hard to live with him. B. They might love him so much as to spoil him. C. They might expect too much from him. D. They might love him more than average parents do. 6. A. The parents’ dream is nothing but a false illusion. B. The child will not look like their former child. C. The child will be spoiled. D. The child may fail to fulfill the parents’ dream. 7. A. The children’s interests are more important. B. The parents’ wishes should be respected. C. The reasons for cloning children are justified. D. There is a need to clone children. 8. A. They try them on first. B. They put their right hand on them. C. They just have a look. D. They feel and touch them. 9. A. The things are used by people very often. B. People do not pay attention to the feel of things. C. People know how to use the things so they don’t need to feel them. D. The things are easy to feel but difficult to see. 10. A. Touching by Feeling B. To See or to Feel C. To See Better—Feel D. Ways of Feeling With Your Feet
Section B Directions: Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a presentation on Time Management For questions 11-15, while you are listening, choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence by marking one letter A, B or C for the word or phrase you choose on the ANSWEr SheeT with a single line through the centre 11. The speaker wants to show you A. the harmful effects of stress B how you can be more effective at work C. how to lead a balanced life 12. You can subject yourself to high levels of stress by A. meeting other peoples demands on your time B. traveling a lo C regularly working very long hours 13. Typically, stress is related to A jobs with high salaries B long working hours C. high levels of responsibility 14. One thing the speaker suggests you do is in order to reduce your working hours A. to delegate B to update facilities D. to take a holiday 15. To help you manage your time more effectively, the speaker suggests you start saying B. Yes"to other people Part 2 Directions: Look at the five statements (16-20) for this part. You will hear an interview between a sales manager and an applicant for the position of advertising manager. Decide if each statement is correct according to the interview. If you think it is correct, mark letter A on your ANSWEr SHEET with a single line through the center. If you think it is not correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre 16. The sales manager is satisfied with the present advertising firm 17. Miss Edison will be responsible to Mr. Grant for all advertising 18. The company has never advertised on TV. 19. The company produces chairs 20. The sales manager shows great interest in Miss Edisons idea about TV advertising and very probably miss edison will get the job Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked a. B. c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on the ansWEr SHEET with a single line through the cente
Section B Part 1 Directions: Look at the questions for this part. You will hear a presentation on Time Management. For questions 11-15, while you are listening, choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence by marking one letter A, B or C for the word or phrase you choose on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 11. The speaker wants to show you _______. A. the harmful effects of stress B. how you can be more effective at work C. how to lead a balanced life 12. You can subject yourself to high levels of stress by ______. A. meeting other people’s demands on your time B. traveling a lot C. regularly working very long hours 13. Typically, stress is related to ______. A. jobs with high salaries B. long working hours C. high levels of responsibility 14. One thing the speaker suggests you do is _____ in order to reduce your working hours. A. to delegate B. to update facilities D. to take a holiday 15. To help you manage your time more effectively, the speaker suggests you start saying ______. A. “no” to other people B. “Yes” to other people C. “Sorry” to yourself Part 2 Directions: Look at the five statements (16-20) for this part. You will hear an interview between a sales manager and an applicant for the position of advertising manager. Decide if each statement is correct according to the interview. If you think it is correct, mark letter A on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. If you think it is not correct, mark letter B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre. 16. The sales manager is satisfied with the present advertising firm. 17. Miss Edison will be responsible to Mr. Grant for all advertising. 18. The company has never advertised on TV. 19. The company produces chairs. 20. The sales manager shows great interest in Miss Edison’s idea about TV advertising and very probably Miss Edison will get the job. II. Reading Comprehension (25 points) Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center
The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However. during. the last decade. large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman's question to inquire which one is"better". The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is "better". It all depends on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage tat it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely it can be re-ignited when desired In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and re-ignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and re-ignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have on the one hand,an expensive rocket with a cheep fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel 21. The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that er type B. the liquid-fuel rocket is best C. each type has certain advantages D. the solid-fuel rocket is best The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocker be A. inexpensive to construct B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit D inexpensive to operate 23. Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their A. size B. fuel C construction D complicated engines 24. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets? A. The fuel is cheap B. They are cheap to build C. They can be stopped and re-ignited D. They must be used soon after fueling 5. The author tells us that A. whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpose B. neither type is superior C. forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were made
1 The great advance in rocket theory 40 years ago showed that liquid-fuel rockets were far superior in every respect to the skyrocket with its weak solid fuel, the only kind of rocket then known. However, during, the last decade, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels about as powerful as liquid fuels have made their appearance, and it is a favorite layman’s question to inquire which one is “better”. The question is meaningless; one might as well ask whether a gasoline or a diesel engine is “better”. It all depends on the purpose. A liquid-fuel rocket is complicated, but has the advantage tat it can be controlled beautifully. The burning of the rocket engine can be stopped completely it can be re-ignited when desired. In addition, the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the speed of the fuel pumps. A solid-fuel rocket, on the other hand, is rather simple in construction, though hard to build when a really large size is desired. But once you have a solid-fuel rocket, it is ready for action at very short notice. A liquid-fuel rocket has to be fueled first and cannot be held in readiness for very long after it has been fueled. However, once a solid-fuel rocket has been ignited, it will keep burning. It cannot be stopped and re-ignited whenever desired (it could conceivably be stopped and re-ignited after a pre-calculated time of burning has elapsed) and its thrust cannot be varied. Because a solid-fuel rocket can be kept ready for a long time, most military missiles employ solid fuels, but manned space flight needs the fine adjustments that can only be provided by liquid fuels. It may be added that a liquid-fuel rocket is an expensive device; a large solid-fuel rocket is, by comparison, cheap. But the solid fuel, pound per pound, costs about 10 times as much as the liquid fuel. So you have on the one hand, an expensive rocket with a cheep fuel and on the other hand a comparatively cheap rocket with an expensive fuel. 21. The author feels that a comparison of liquid and solid-fuel rockets shows that ______. A. neither type is very economical B. the liquid-fuel rocket is best C. each type has certain advantages D. the solid-fuel rocket is best 22. The most important consideration for manned space flight is that the rocker be ________. A. inexpensive to construct B. capable of lifting heavy spacecraft into orbit C. inexpensive to operate D. inexpensive to operate 23. Solid fuel rockets are expensive to operate because of their _______. A. size B. fuel C. construction D. complicated engines 24. Which of the following statements is not characteristic of liquid-fuel rockets? A. The fuel is cheap. B. They are cheap to build. C. They can be stopped and re-ignited. D. They must be used soon after fueling. 25. The author tells us that ______. A. whether a liquid-fuel or a solid-fuel rocket is better depends on the purpose B. neither type is superior C. forty years ago, large solid-fuel rockets with solid fuels as powerful as liquid fuels were made
D the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump Imagine an accident in which a nuclear power plant releases radioactive gas. The cloud starts moving with the wind. Clearly, the authorities will want to evacuate anyone in its path, but what is that path? Local wind information is meaningless without information about terrain; a mountain range or series of valleys can divert both wind and gas in unpredictable directions To makedownwind"a useful term, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have put the United States on a computer, the entire United States-every hill, every valley, every mile of seashore. Within minutes of a disaster, they can give meteorologists a context for weather data, and thus the ability to predict how toxic gases might spread The database for this computer map is a series of altitude measurements, made over many years by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey. They represent the height above sea level of over a billion separate pointsa grid of points 200 feet apart, spanning the country Armed with these data, plus a program that manipulates them, a Cray-I computer can produce an image of any piece of terrain, seen from any angle, illuminated by an imaginary sun at any time of day placing the "observer" at any altitude from zero to 40,000 feet We use a technique called ray tracing, "says Patrick Weidhaas, one of the Livermore computer scientists who wrote the program. The computer is told where the observer is. The program traces an imaginary ray from there outward until it" intersects"with one of the points of altitude recorded in the machine's memory. The computer then puts a dot of color at the proper place on the screen, and the program traces another ray. At its highest resolution of 2, 000 horizontal and 1, 700 vertical dots per picture, the computer has to trace several million rays, Even on the Cray, the most powerful computer in the world, this takes about a minute. Reducing the resolution to 400-800(a TV screen has 800 X 700) speeds it up to about eight seconds. We cant produce a movie simulating flight on the screen in real time, says Weidhaas. There is a way around the problem: Two movies have been made using still pictures generated by the computer as individual frames. " The results were impressive, he says,"but it was cumbersome to do. At twenty-four frames per second, it takes fourteen hundred eparate computer images to make a one-minute film. Another limitation: The computer can access only enough memory to cove a 15-mile-square area. An"observer" high up will see blank spaces beyond those limits Weidhaas wants to add information about what overlies the terrain--cities. vegetation pads, and so on "Making the image as realistic as possible will make our advice more ffective, he says, "and might lead to uses we haven t thought of yet .6. As used in the first paragraph, thrrain most clearly means A. available information about the weather B. surrounding land area C. blank spaces between the mountain ranges D amount of forest per square mile 27. Livermore's computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting A. the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosion B where incoming nuclear missiles might strike
D. the thrust can be made to vary by adjusting the direction of the pump 2 Imagine an accident in which a nuclear power plant releases radioactive gas. The cloud starts moving with the wind. Clearly, the authorities will want to evacuate anyone in its path, but what is that path? Local wind information is meaningless without information about terrain; a mountain range or series of valleys can divert both wind and gas in unpredictable directions. To make “downwind” a useful term, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have put the United States on a computer, the entire United States—every hill, every valley, every mile of seashore. Within minutes of a disaster, they can give meteorologists a context for weather data, and thus the ability to predict how toxic gases might spread. The database for this computer map is a series of altitude measurements, made over many years by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey. They represent the height above sea level of over a billion separate points—a grid of points 200 feet apart, spanning the country. Armed with these data, plus a program that manipulates them, a Cray-1 computer can produce an image of any piece of terrain, seen from any angle, illuminated by an imaginary sun at any time of day placing the “observer” at any altitude from zero to 40,000 feet. “We use a technique called ray tracing,” says Patrick Weidhaas, one of the Livermore computer scientists who wrote the program. The computer is told where the observer is. The program traces an imaginary ray from there outward until it “intersects” with one of the points of altitude recorded in the machine’s memory. The computer then puts a dot of color at the proper place on the screen, and the program traces another ray. At its highest resolution of 2,000 horizontal and 1,700 vertical dots per picture, the computer has to trace several million rays, Even on the Cray, the most powerful computer in the world, this takes about a minute. Reducing the resolution to 400-800 (a TV screen has 800×700) speeds it up to about eight seconds. “We can’t produce a movie simulating flight on the screen in real time,” says Weidhaas. There is a way around the problem: Two movies have been made using still pictures generated by the computer as individual frames. “The results were impressive,” he says, “but it was cumbersome to do. At twenty-four frames per second, it takes fourteen hundred separate computer images to make a one-minute film.” Another limitation: The computer can access only enough memory to cove a 15-mile-square area. An “observer” high up will see blank spaces beyond those limits. Weidhaas wants to add information about what overlies the terrain—cities, vegetation, roads, and so on. “Making the image as realistic as possible will make our advice more effective,” he says, “and might lead to uses we haven’t thought of yet.” 26. As used in the first paragraph, thrrain most clearly means _______. A. available information about the weather B. surrounding land area C. blank spaces between the mountain ranges D. amount of forest per square mile 27. Livermore’s computer map, in combination with weather reports, might be useful in predicting _____. A. the path of toxic gases from a nuclear power plant explosion B. where incoming nuclear missiles might strike
C the average annual rainfall for North Dakota D. the amount of pollution in the air 28. The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps I. was gathered by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey Il. shows points roughly 200 feet apart lIL involves altitude measurements A. I B. I and ll C. I and Ill D.L. II and Ill 29. Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing? A. The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow B. Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machine's memory C. X-rays are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees D. The exact movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons 30. Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain A has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtained B. would be impossible to convert to data that a computer would accept C. might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of present use D would make ray tracing obsolete Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients-to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: The need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physic checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sake, and that is, as far as possible 'do no harm. Armed with such a precept a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm and may well help their patients But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overw majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness Not only do lies not provide the help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning
C. the average annual rainfall for North Dakota D. the amount of pollution in the air 28. The information used by the computer to make its detailed maps _______. I. was gathered by the Defense Department and the U.S. Geological Survey II. shows points roughly 200 feet apart III. involves altitude measurements A. I B. I and II C. I and III D. I, II and III 29. Which of the following is the best description of ray tracing? A. The computer simulates rays of the sun, filling in areas of light and shadow. B. Lines radiate outward from the imagined observer and a dot of color is placed where the line intersects with one of the points of altitude in the machine’s memory. C. X-rays are used to trace the outline of the terrain through buildings and trees. D. The exact movement of rays is used by private detectives to solve mysteries and locate missing persons. 30. Information about cities, vegetation, and road overlying the terrain ______. A. has to be eliminated before correct readings can be obtained B. would be impossible to convert to data that a computer would accept. C. might lead to new applications and improve effectiveness of present uses D. would make ray tracing obsolete 3 Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: The need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is, as far as possible ‘do no harm’.” Armed with such a precept a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness. Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning