Time of"Crisis"”and“Emergency”Examples of Emerging andRe-Emerging DiseasesezistanttuberculoeiCryptaspaidiasissancomvein-cesisantDrug-resistantmalariCcol1nE.coll015HSNTmonkaypeNpOwovnHantavirusntereuinie72008BioTerrorismsoupawarenes
Time of “Crisis” and “Emergency” 2008
Newpathogensidentifiedsince19771977: Ebola virus1989: Hepatitis CLegionellapneumophila1990:ESBLGramnegatives1992:Vibriocholerae0139Campylobacter jejuni1980: HTLV-1Bartonellahenselae1981: S.aureus - toxic shock1993: Hanta virus1982: HTLV-21995: HHV-8E.coli 0157:H7Burkholderia cepaciaBorrelia burgdorferi1997:H5N1-avianinfluenza1983: HIV2000: Chlamydia -CADWest NilevirusHelicobacter pylori1988:Hepatitis EMDRAcinetobacterHHV-62003: SARS
1977: Ebola virus Legionella pneumophila Campylobacter jejuni 1980: HTLV-1 1981: S.aureus - toxic shock 1982: HTLV-2 E.coli 0157:H7 Borrelia burgdorferi 1983: HIV Helicobacter pylori 1988: Hepatitis E HHV-6 1989: Hepatitis C 1990: ESBL Gram negatives 1992: Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bartonella henselae 1993: Hanta virus 1995: HHV-8 Burkholderia cepacia 1997: H5N1 - avian influenza 2000: Chlamydia - CAD West Nile virus MDR Acinetobacter 2003: SARS New pathogens identified since 1977
UnexpectedoutbreaksExamplesofemergingandre-emerginginfectiousdiseases1994-1999g薰糕辣菜AnthraxBrucellosisCholeraCrimean-Congohaemorrhagicfever葉菜业辣糕菜藥葉藥菜ryptosporidiosisDenguehaemorthagicfeverDiphtheriaEbola haemorrhagic fever萧囍NipahInfluenza A (H5N1)Ross River virusE.coliO157业源燕业业藥Influenza A (H9N2)OmskhaemorhagicfeverTyphoidEchinococcasisLassafever菜Venezuelan equineO'nyong-nyong fever恭华业恭Enterovirus 71encephalitisLeptospirasisPlagueEpidemic meningitis萧West NilefeverLyme borrellosisPoliomyelitisHendraYellowfeverMalariaReston virusHum an monkeypoxNewvariantCJDSOURCENHO热Rift Valleyfever
Timeline of antibiotic deploymentand evolution of antibiotic resistanceAntibioticdeploymentampicillintetracyclinevancomycindaptomycinchloramphenicolcephalosporinspenicillinsulfonamideslinezolidmethicillinstreptomycinerythromycin1930194519501955200519351940196019651970197519801985199019952000linezolidampicillinchloramphenicolvancomycinsulfonamidesstreptomycinerythromycindaptomycincephalosporinspenicilinEvolutionofmethicillintetracyclineantibioticresistance
Timeline of antibiotic deployment and evolution of antibiotic resistance
Increasing resistanceamongpathogensMalariaQuinine and mefloquine in ThailandTuberculosis45%Short-course chemotherapy inNote:There is alreadyresistancePortugal13%complete resistance tosingechloroquine anddrugsulfadoxineresistancepyrimethamine inThailand4%multidrug resistanceStaphylococcusinJapanNowalsoXDR-TBtara in tha Wold WHD1er, Repal mSoxtx Ans-TBDugPoMlainCadrd Pogwmra wdDngPoidseain Thalhard60%multidrugresistanceSrichaiidop snd Burchongilan 1ar, WmO
Increasing resistance among pathogens Now also XDR-TB