3.Etiology(病因) Developmental disorder of each protuberance in the oral cavity (胚胎期口腔各突起发育障碍。) Threshold theory of multigene and environmental multifactor synthesis. (多基因与环境多因素综合作用的阈值学说。)
3. Etiology（病因） Developmental disorder of each protuberance in the oral cavity . （胚胎期口腔各突起发育障碍。 ） Threshold theory of multigene and environmental multifactor synthesis. （多基因与环境多因素综合作用的阈值学说。）
(1)Genetic factor（遗传因素) 1)The individual's susceptibility exceeded a certain threshold. 2)Patients with close blood relationship,susceptibility increased. 3)Gender related. 4)Cleft palate was more often the result of the interaction between a single gene and environmental factors,for example:TGFa、TGFp3、MSX1、 F13A、RARA、4q31、MTHFR BCL3. 5)Epigenetics,as changes in gene expressionlevel caused by non-gene sequence changes,for example:DNA methylation,histone acetylation, conformation of chromatin
（1） Genetic factor （遗传因素） 1) The individual's susceptibility exceeded a certain threshold. 2) Patients with close blood relationship, susceptibility increased. 3) Gender related. 4)Cleft palate was more often the result of the interaction between a single gene and environmentalfactors,for example:TGFα、TGFβ3、MSX1、 F13A、RARA、4q31、MTHFR、BCL3. 5)Epigenetics , as changes in gene expression level caused by non-gene sequence changes, for example: DNA methylation, histone acetylation, conformation of chromatin
(2)Environmental factor(环境因素) l)Maternal environment:Hypoxic、hormone、.metabolic disorder、 abnormal antibody、intrauterine stress、 incomplete abortion or drug abortion. 2)Infection:Virus,bacteria,protozoa,etc. 3)Drugs and hormones Antitumor anticonvulsants, antihistamines drugs meclizine, dexamethasone retinoic acid. 4)Malnutrition:VitA、D、E、folic acid、microelement. 5)Environmental pollution:Radiation,chemicals (TCDD,pesticide 6)Smoking and drinking. 7)Others:Mentaltension,etc
（2） Environmental factor（环境因素） 1) Maternal environment：Hypoxic、hormone、metabolic disorder、 abnormal antibody、intrauterine stress、 incomplete abortion or drug abortion. 2) Infection: Virus, bacteria, protozoa, etc. 3) Drugs and hormones ： Antitumor、anticonvulsants、 antihistamines drugs、 meclizine、 dexamethasone 、 retinoic acid. 4) Malnutrition: VitA、D、E、 folic acid、 microelement. 5) Environmental pollution: Radiation、 chemicals（TCDD、 pesticide） 6) Smoking and drinking. 7) Others： Mental tension, etc
4.Etiopathology(发病机制) Embryology (胚胎学) 1)Facial development (3-8 week) 侧鼻突、 中弊突 唇（人中） E。胚胎7周 F,胚胎8周
4.Etiopathology（发病机制） 1 Embryology （胚胎学） 1) Facial development (3—8 week)
Facial development BBG one 优酷
Facial development