N NHe N N O-P-O-CH2 →P-0→P-o-c 0-P-0-P-0-P-0-CH2 0-O-o c OH OH OH Deoxyadenosine.5 Deoxyadenosine-5 Deoxyadenosine-5 monophosphate(dAMP) diphosphate(dADP triphosphate(dATP
N 碱 H H 3N 胞嘧啶(C 胸腺嘧啶(T) 基 N6}啶(U) Pyrimidine H C 6 C-HIN c 8 H N 3 鸟嘌呤(G) Purine 腺嘌呤(A)
(C) (U) (G) (A) (T) 碱基(base) Purine Pyrimidine
DNA Modification: 7 different Types Modification Presence Reference 5mC(5) CpG islands 1%in vertebrate genomes and C elegans does not have. 5hmc( 6th m平基化2172018年:5 mc are converted to 5C(7th)生物学研究热点第四位 cac(8th) N6mA( 9th) Major in bacteria Truss M, Bartsch J, Chalepakis 藻类丶线虫、果蝇和人类G, Beato m. Nucleic Acids res. 1992Apr11;20:1483-6. ce2015 4mc(10th) Major in certain bacteria 7mG( 11th) Major in bacteria
DNA Modification: 7 different Types Modification Presence Reference 5mC (5 th) CpG islands ~1% in vertebrate genomes and C. elegans does not have. 5hmC (6 th) ~1% of 5mC are converted to hm5C 5fC(7th) 5caC(8th) N6mA (9 th) Major in bacteria 藻类、线虫、果蝇和人类 Truss M, Bartsch J, Chalepakis G, Beato M. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Apr 11;20:1483–6. Cell 2015 4mC (10th) Major in certain bacteria 7mG(11th) Major in bacteria mRNA甲基化2017和2018年 生物学研究热点第四位
(一)DNA结构
(一) DNA结构
/DNA的一级结构:核苷酸的排列顺序 O=P-OH 5-phosphate Hgc cH20、A 长度:核苷酸 -O-P-O- CH HH nucleotide, nt o=P-OH O=P-O-CH? OH diester 列 PAP CPTPG. a-c-T- OaP-O- .. pAp.. CH2O、G 3-hydroxyl ACTG P5’3°OH A:化学结构式B:简化结构式 C:线条式
DNA的一级结构:核苷酸的排列顺序 A:化学结构式 B:简化结构式 C:线条式 …pApCpTpG.… …..ACTG…. P5’……….3’OH 长度:核苷酸 nucleotide, nt