Electrolyte,acids fluid unbalance 1.Na+and fluid abnormality 德 Maintain volume until GFR <10-20ml/min, 尚料 then edema水肿，even hypertension or heart failure 行因 Renal failure with nephrotic syndrome肾病综合 征，early edema 济民 Vomit or diarrhea cause dehydration.脱水， hypotention
德 尚和 带厅因 济民
abnorma lity:When GFR<20-25ml/min,blood K aVR 4德 尚解 V2 因 aVF 济民
3.phosphate or/and calcium Characteristic electrolyte unbalance of uremia 德 GFR leads to P excrete↓→P↑→Ca deposit→Ca↓ 尚和 In addition,high phosphate decreased dihydroxy-vitamin D(二羟维生素D3) 为行因 production causes poor calcium absorbtion 济民 High phosphate induce PTH (Hyperpara- thyroidism甲旁亢)→P absorbtion,Ca release from bone to maintain normal serum level-bone lesion
德 尚和 青因 右 济民