射电天文学概况 沈志强 (zshen@shao.ac.cn)
射电天文学概况 沈志强 (zshen@shao.ac.cn)
射电谱段 可见光 X-ray mma Rays 射电谱段(频率跨度107) 超宽电磁谱段 : 超高探测灵敏度:103~106央斯基 signal from a cell phone 1km away:110,000,000 Janskys signal from the sun:1,000,000 Janskys 超高空间分辨率:射电(VLBI)约为HST500倍 超高频谱分辨率:R=f/公f=107 z<1.5 z>1.5 笔 皇 早期、冷暗宇宙探测能力 李绵
超宽电磁谱段: 超高探测灵敏度:10-3~10-6央斯基 signal from a cell phone 1km away: 110,000,000 Janskys signal from the sun: 1,000,000 Janskys 超高空间分辨率:射电(VLBI)约为HST500倍 超高频谱分辨率:R=f/Df=107 早期、冷暗宇宙探测能力 z<1.5 z>1.5 ALMA 射 电 哈 勃 光 学 射电谱段(频率跨度107) 射电谱段 可 见 光 4
射电天文学 √迄今与天文相关12项诺贝尔物理奖有6项属射电天文 1964年脉泽1974年综合孔径、脉冲星 1978年CMB 1993年新脉冲星 2006年CMB特性 思王 Charles Hard Townes Sir Martin Ryle Arno Allan Penzias Russell A.Hulse John C.Mather Antony Hewish Robert Woodrow Wilson Joseph H.Taylor Jr George F.Smoot 目前国际最大地面天文计划ALMA和SKA都在射电波段 5
射电天文学 迄今与天文相关12项诺贝尔物理奖有6项属射电天文 目前国际最大地面天文计划ALMA和SKA都在射电波段 John C. Mather & George F. Smoot 2006年CMB特性 Arno Allan Penzias & Robert Woodrow Wilson 1978年CMB Russell A. Hulse & Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1993年新脉冲星 Sir Martin Ryle & Antony Hewish 1974年综合孔径、脉冲星 Charles Hard Townes 1964年脉泽 5
1938 Discovery of cosmic radiation by Victor Franz Hess 1964 Construction of oscillators amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle by Charles Hard Townes,... 1967 Discoveries concerning energy production in stars by Hans Albrecht Bethe 1970 Discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications by Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven 1974 Aperture synthesis technique by Sir Martin Ryle 1974 Discovery of pulsars by Antony Hewish 1978 Discovery of CMB radiation by Arno Allan Penzias Robert Woodrow Wilson 1993 Discovery of a new type of pulsar by Russell A.Hulse Joseph H.Taylor Jr. 2002 Detection of cosmic neutrinos by Raymond Davis Jr.Masatoshi Koshiba 2002 Discovery of cosmic X-ray sources by Riccardo Giacconi 2006 Discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the CMB radiation by John C. Mather George F.Smoot 2011 Discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae by Saul Perimutter,Brian P.Schmidt Adam G.Riess 6
1938 Discovery of cosmic radiation by Victor Franz Hess 1964 Construction of oscillators & amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle by Charles Hard Townes, … 1967 Discoveries concerning energy production in stars by Hans Albrecht Bethe 1970 Discoveries in magnetohydro-dynamics with fruitful applications by Hannes Olof Gosta Alfven 1974 Aperture synthesis technique by Sir Martin Ryle 1974 Discovery of pulsars by Antony Hewish 1978 Discovery of CMB radiation by Arno Allan Penzias & Robert Woodrow Wilson 1993 Discovery of a new type of pulsar by Russell A. Hulse & Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 2002 Detection of cosmic neutrinos by Raymond Davis Jr. & Masatoshi Koshiba 2002 Discovery of cosmic X-ray sources by Riccardo Giacconi 2006 Discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the CMB radiation by John C. Mather & George F. Smoot 2011 Discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae by Saul Perimutter, Brian P. Schmidt & Adam G. Riess 6
Atacama Large Millimeter Submillimeter Array (ALMA) 亚毫米波超高分辨率,国际最大的地面天文项目(10亿$,2003-2012 年),2013年开始运行! 64x12m+ACA(12x7m+4x12m) 指标:ALMA最长基线达16km,频率为30一950GHz。分辨率可达6毫角秒, 连续谱灵敏度为u小y,谱分辨率高于ks。无与伦比的冷宇宙成像与谱线 观测设备。 科学目标:气体尘埃云、行星等热发射天体的日一地尺度结构;原行星盘的 运动学;银河系分子运的化学成分:光学厚AGN与类星体的运动学;小行 星、彗星
Atacama Large Millimeter & Submillimeter Array (ALMA) ) 亚毫米波超高分辨率,国际最大的地面天文项目(10亿$,2003-2012 年),2013年开始运行! 64x12m + ACA(12x7m+4x12m) 指标:ALMA最长基线达16km,频率为30-950 GHz。分辨率可达6毫角秒, 连续谱灵敏度为uJy,谱分辨率高于1km/s。无与伦比的冷宇宙成像与谱线 观测设备。 科学目标:气体尘埃云、行星等热发射天体的日-地尺度结构;原行星盘的 运动学;银河系分子运的化学成分;光学厚AGN与类星体的运动学;小行 星、彗星…