vocabulary Nucleus:胞核; Nucleolus:核仁 Nucleoid:类核 Mitosis:o丝分裂;Meos:减数分裂 interphase:分裂间期 Histone:组蛋白; Nucleosome:核小体 Chromotasome:染色小体 Chromosome:染色体; Chromatin:、染色质;eu-; hetero Centromere(中心粒) Telomere(端粒) Repetitive dna(重复DNA) Tandem gene cluster(串联基因簇)
Nucleus: 细胞核; Nucleolus: 核仁 Nucleoid: 类核 Mitosis: 有丝分裂；Meiosis：减数分裂 interphase：分裂间期 Histone: 组蛋白；Nucleosome: 核小体 Chromotasome: 染色小体 Chromosome: 染色体； Chromatin: 染色质；eu-; heteroCentromere (中心粒） Telomere（端粒） Repetitive DNA (重复DNA) Tandem gene cluster（串联基因 簇） Vocabulary
The importance of packing of dNa into chromosomes 1> Chromosome is a compact form of the dNa that readily fits inside the cell? >To protect DNA from damage >DNA in a chromosome can be transmitted efficiently to both daughter cells during cell division Chromosome confers an overall organization to each molecule of DNA, which facilitates gene expression as welll as recombination
The importance of packing of DNA into chromosomes ➢Chromosome is a compact form of the DNA that readily fits inside the cell [?] ➢To protect DNA from damage ➢DNA in a chromosome can be transmitted efficiently to both daughter cells during cell division ➢Chromosome confers an overall organization to each molecule of DNA, which facilitates gene expression as well as recombination
Proteins in chromosome(1) Half of the molecular mass of eukaryotic chromosome is protein >In eukaryotic cells a given region of DNA with its associated proteins is called chromatin The majority of the associated proteins are small, basic proteins called histones > Other proteins associated with the chromosome are referred to as non-histone proteins, including numerous dNA binding proteins that regulate the transcription, replication, repair and recombination of DNA
Half of the molecular mass of eukaryotic chromosome is protein ➢In eukaryotic cells a given region of DNA with its associated proteins is called chromatin ➢The majority of the associated proteins are small, basic proteins called histones. ➢Other proteins associated with the chromosome are referred to as non-histone proteins, including numerous DNA binding proteins that regulate the transcription, replication, repair and recombination of DNA. Proteins in chromosome (1)
Proteins in chromosome(2) >Nucleosomes: regular association of DNA With histones to form a structure effectively compacting DNA
➢Nucleosomes: regular association of DNA with histones to form a structure effectively compacting DNA Proteins in chromosome (2)
CHAPTER 7: Chromosomes, chromatin, and the nucleosome 1. What is the cost (challenge)of compaction of DNA into chromosome? [De-compaction is required when DNA needs to be accessible by other proteins for cellular activities such as replication, transcription, 2. How the challenge could be resolved? TThe interaction between DNA and histones is dynamic, chromosome remodeling, chromosome modification 3. What are the advantage of the challenge? [Add a large layer of gene regulation
1. What is the cost (challenge) of compaction of DNA into chromosome? [De-compaction is required when DNA needs to be accessible by other proteins for cellular activities such as replication, transcription. ] 2. How the challenge could be resolved? [The interaction between DNA and histones is dynamic, chromosome remodeling, chromosome modification] 3. What are the advantage of the challenge? [Add a large layer of gene regulation] CHAPTER 7: Chromosomes, chromatin, and the nucleosome