Tapped-delay line filter o Components unit delay elements,multiply-add cells o Order of the filter The number of delay elements The length of the impulse response. o Tap weights:coefficients w; Define the shape of the filter response It is the weights that will be adjusted o Alternative structures lattice filters:more desirable properties 2020-01-18 6
2020-01-18 6 Tapped-delay line filter Components unit delay elements, multiply-add cells Order of the filter The number of delay elements The length of the impulse response. Tap weights: coefficients wi Define the shape of the filter response It is the weights that will be adjusted Alternative structures lattice filters: more desirable properties
Single input FIR filter formula M-1 o input-output relation d(n)=∑wiu(n-k) k=0 o Vector form d(n)=w"u(n) w=[w。w·ww-] u(n)=[u(n)u(n-1)...u(n-M+1)] o z-transform of the input-output relation D(z)=W(z)U(2) 2020-01-18 7
2020-01-18 7 Single input FIR filter formula input-output relation Vector form z-transform of the input-output relation 0 1 1 ( ) ( ) ( 1) ( 1) T M T w w w n u n u n u n M w u 1 * 0 ˆ ( ) ( ) M k k d n w u n k ˆ ( ) ( ) H d n n w u ˆ D z W z U z ( ) ( ) ( )
W(z) o The z-transformed sequence o Shorthand to refer to a filter with impulse response (or weights) w=[%W…ww-]Y o When we consider adaptation techniques, where the filter assumes a time-varying form,the above z-transform interpretation of the filter's input-output relation is no longer valid 2020-01-18 8
2020-01-18 8 W(z) The z-transformed sequence Shorthand to refer to a filter with impulse response (or weights) When we consider adaptation techniques, where the filter assumes a time-varying form, the above z-transform interpretation of the filter’s input-output relation is no longer valid 0 1 1 T w w w wM
Multiple input:multi-channel FIR filtering o interference cancellation with several reference sensors o antenna array processing o Trivially generalized to the multi- input case 2020-01-18 9
2020-01-18 9 Multiple input: multi-channel FIR filtering interference cancellation with several reference sensors antenna array processing Trivially generalized to the multiinput case
Linear combiner versus FlR filter o Adaptive linear combiner Narrow band beam-forming:multi-input adaptive filter reduces to zero-order FIR filters (special cases of the multi-channel FIR filter) Single input FIR filter may be viewed as a special case of the linear combiner o Adaptation algorithms have very similar mathematical formulations o Adaptive FIR algorithms are a factor M more efficient than the linear combiner algorithms! 2020-01-18 10
2020-01-18 10 Linear combiner versus FIR filter Adaptive linear combiner Narrow band beam-forming: multi-input adaptive filter reduces to zero-order FIR filters (special cases of the multi-channel FIR filter) Single input FIR filter may be viewed as a special case of the linear combiner Adaptation algorithms have very similar mathematical formulations Adaptive FIR algorithms are a factor M more efficient than the linear combiner algorithms!