《Plant Physiology》（双语）教学教案
1 《Plant Physiology》（双语） 教学教案
Introduction计划学时：2h一.教学目的了解植物生理学的对象、内容、产生和发展及发展趋势。二.教学重点植物生理学的内容及发展趋势，植物生理学与分子生物学的关系。三.教学难点植物生理学的发展趋势四.教学方法采用以多媒体教学法为主。五.教学用具多媒体硬件支持。六.教学过程?Introduction ofmyresearchworkbriefly (5min)Concept of plant physiology and main contents and chapters of this course(20 min)Tasks of plant physiology (20 min)?Someexamples:Photoperiod, Solution culture,Water culture,Senescence,Ethylene,Tissue culture, Plant growth substance, Photomorphogenesis, Etiolation.Establishment and development of plant physiology (30 min)In ancient China and western countriesExperimentally/scientifically>J.von Liebig'sworkModern plant physiology.Establishment and development of plant physiology inChina.Perspectives ofplantphysiology(10min)Five problems of human beings:Food,Energy,Environment,Resources, PopulationSummaryofthe contents of introduction(5min)2
2 Introduction 计划学时：2 h 一. 教学目的 了解植物生理学的对象、内容、产生和发展及发展趋势。 二. 教学重点 植物生理学的内容及发展趋势，植物生理学与分子生物学的关系。 三. 教学难点 植物生理学的发展趋势 四. 教学方法 采用以多媒体教学法为主。 五. 教学用具 多媒体硬件支持。 六. 教学过程 ⚫ Introduction of my research work briefly (5 min) ⚫ Concept of plant physiology and main contents and chapters of this course (20 min) ⚫ Tasks of plant physiology（20 min） Some examples: Photoperiod, Solution culture, Water culture, Senescence, Ethylene, Tissue culture, Plant growth substance, Photomorphogenesis, Etiolation. ⚫ Establishment and development of plant physiology（30 min） In ancient China and western countries→Experimentally/scientifically→J.von Liebig’s work→Modern plant physiology. Establishment and development of plant physiology in China. ⚫ Perspectives of plant physiology（10 min） Five problems of human beings : Food, Energy, Environment, Resources, Population ⚫ Summary of the contents of introduction（5 min）
Chapter 1 Water Metabolism教学章节：植物对水分的需要、植物细胞对水分的吸收、植物根系对水分的吸收、蒸腾作用、植物体内水分的运输、合理灌溉的生理基础计划学时：3h一、教学目的通过本章学习，主要了解植物对水分吸收、运输及蒸腾作用的基本原理，认识维持植物水分平衡的重要性，为合理灌溉提供理论基础。二、教学重点(1)）林植物细胞对水分的吸收(2)植物根系对水分的吸收（3）气孔运动的机理三、教学难点植物细胞水势的概念及其组成四、教学方法采用以多媒体教学法为主。五、教学用具多媒体硬件支持。六、教学过程Introductionofmaincontentsofthischapter(5min)1.1 Waterrequirementofplant(25min)1.1.1Moisture content of plantWatercontentofdifferentkindsofplant:SameplantsunderdifferentenvironmentsDifferent organs and tissues ofone plant1.1.2SState of water in plant bodyBound water and free water, ratio of free water to bound water1.1.3FunctionsofwaterinplantlifeMain component of protoplast, Participates directly in metabolism, Solvent for substanceabsorption and transportation, Keep plants in their shape.1.2 Water absorption by plant cell (30 min)1.2.1Osmotic absorption of water by plant cellFree energy and water potentialWater potential of solutions:Negative, Why?3
3 Chapter 1 Water Metabolism 教学章节：植物对水分的需要、植物细胞对水分的吸收、植物根系对水分的吸收、蒸腾作用、植物体内水 分的运输、合理灌溉的生理基础 计划学时：3 h 一、教学目的 通过本章学习，主要了解植物对水分吸收、运输及蒸腾作用的基本原理，认识维持植物水分平衡 的重要性，为合理灌溉提供理论基础。 二、教学重点 （1） 植物细胞对水分的吸收 （2） 植物根系对水分的吸收 （3） 气孔运动的机理 三、教学难点 植物细胞水势的概念及其组成 四、教学方法 采用以多媒体教学法为主。 五、教学用具 多媒体硬件支持。 六、教学过程 Introduction of main contents of this chapter（5 min） 1.1 Water requirement of plant （25 min） 1.1.1 Moisture content of plant Water content of different kinds of plant; Same plants under different environments; Different organs and tissues of one plant. 1.1.2 State of water in plant body Bound water and free water, ratio of free water to bound water 1.1.3 Functions of water in plant life Main component of protoplast, Participates directly in metabolism, Solvent for substance absorption and transportation, Keep plants in their shape. 1.2 Water absorption by plant cell（30 min） 1.2.1 Osmotic absorption of water by plant cell Free energy and water potential Water potential of solutions: Negative, Why?
Componentsofwofplantcells:w=s+p+mSolute /osmotic potentialPressure potentialMatric potentialMembranes of plant cells are selectively permeable membranes(Mature) plant cell is an osmotic systemWater movement between cells1.2.2 Imbibition of plant cellCellulose in CW, Proteins in protoplast, Starches in cytoplasm are Hydrophilic colloid1.2.3Transmembranepathway(s)ofwatermovementIndividual water molecules/Diffusion:through bilayer of phospholipids of membranesBulk flow: water channel proteins1.3Waterabsorptionbyroots(30min)1.3.1 Site and PathwaysSite: Root hair zonePathwaysapoplast pathwaytransmembranepathwaysymplast pathway1.3.2 Motive powerRoot pressure: Bleeding, Guttation, Mechanism of root pressure ?Transpiration pull1.3.3 Factors influencing the water absorption by rootsIn the soil:Available water in the soil ?Air conditions in the soil: sunny, rainSoil temperature:iceConcentration of soil solutions: after fertilizationIn the air?1.4 Transpiration(30min)Concept1.4.1 Physiological functions of transpirationMain driving force for water absorption and transportation: How about root pressure?Absorption and transportation of minerals and organic compoundsCool down the leaves: latent heat of vaporization; sweat4
4 Components of Ψw of plant cells: Ψw=Ψs+Ψp +Ψm Solute /osmotic potential Pressure potential Matric potential Membranes of plant cells are selectively permeable membranes (Mature) plant cell is an osmotic system Water movement between cells 1.2.2 Imbibition of plant cell Cellulose in CW, Proteins in protoplast, Starches in cytoplasm are Hydrophilic colloid 1.2.3 Transmembrane pathway(s) of water movement Individual water molecules/Diffusion: through bilayer of phospholipids of membranes Bulk flow: water channel proteins 1.3 Water absorption by roots （30 min） 1.3.1 Site and Pathways Site: Root hair zone Pathways apoplast pathway transmembrane pathway symplast pathway 1.3.2 Motive power Root pressure: Bleeding, Guttation, Mechanism of root pressure ? Transpiration pull 1.3.3 Factors influencing the water absorption by roots In the soil: Available water in the soil ? Air conditions in the soil: sunny, rain Soil temperature:ice Concentration of soil solutions: after fertilization In the air? 1.4 Transpiration （30 min） Concept 1.4.1 Physiological functions of transpiration Main driving force for water absorption and transportation: How about root pressure? Absorption and transportation of minerals and organic compounds Cool down the leaves: latent heat of vaporization; sweat
1.4.2 Stomatal transpirationStomatal structureMechanism of stomatal movement: Why open in the day, close at night?starch-sugar conversion theoryinorganic ion uptake theorymalate production theoryThree theories combined1.4.3Factors influencing transpirationLightTemperatureConcentration of CO2WaterWindPlant hormones: Abscisic Acid (ABA)1.5Watertransportationinplantbody(30min)1.5.1 PathwayFrom soil to rootFrom root to leafFrom leaf to substomatal cavity1.5.2 RateThrough living cells: slowIn xylem: fast (3-45 m/h)1.5.3Powerofwater transportation inxylemRoot pressure: pushTranspiration: pullHow can water columns in xylem keep continuous?1.6Physiological bases of rational irrigation(25min)Critical period of waterSoil indexMorphological indexPhysiological indexSummary of the contents of this chapter (5 min)5
5 1.4.2 Stomatal transpiration Stomatal structure Mechanism of stomatal movement: Why open in the day, close at night? starch-sugar conversion theory inorganic ion uptake theory malate production theory Three theories combined 1.4.3 Factors influencing transpiration Light Temperature Concentration of CO2 Water Wind Plant hormones: Abscisic Acid (ABA) 1.5 Water transportation in plant body（30 min） 1.5.1 Pathway From soil to root From root to leaf From leaf to substomatal cavity 1.5.2 Rate Through living cells: slow In xylem: fast (3-45 m/h) 1.5.3 Power of water transportation in xylem Root pressure: push Transpiration: pull How can water columns in xylem keep continuous? 1.6 Physiological bases of rational irrigation（25 min） Critical period of water Soil index Morphological index Physiological index Summary of the contents of this chapter（5 min）