技巧:英译汉一一静态-动态(英语名词转译为汉语动词,英语句子中的名词、介词、形容词和副词都可能转译成动词。汉译英一一动态-静态(汉语动词转译为英语名词)习题讲解·英译汉时,英语中由动词派生的名词应转译为动词。1.The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy新形式要求制定新战略。2.Thedoctor's extremelyquick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about veryspeedyrecovery.医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。13.禁止违反游戏规则。Anyviolationofthegamerulesisprohibited.(英语的这类正式文体,除了祈使句外,通常尽可能用名词。)。含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多。)3. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。4.Aglance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the LincolrMemorial从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。5. As I won the game, I got a wave and a grin from my sister.我比赛获胜,我姐姐向我边笑边挥手。·英语中,有些加后-er的名词,如teacher,thinker等等,有时在句中并不指其身份或职业,而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。(Sheisawell-known singer.——她是一位著名的歌唱家;Some of my class-mates are good singers.——我同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。)6.In reality,I'magreat admirer oftheChinese实际上,我对中国人佩服得五体投地。7. He is a good eater and a good sleeper6
6 技巧:英译汉——静态-动态 (英语名词转译为汉语动词,英语句子中的名词、介词、形容词 和副词都可能转译成动词。) 汉译英——动态-静态 (汉语动词转译为英语名词) 习题讲解 ⚫ 英译汉时,英语中由动词派生的名词应转译为动词。 1. The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形式要求制定新战略。 2. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。 13.禁止违反游戏规则。 Any violation of the game rules is prohibited. (英语的这类正式文体,除了祈使句外,通常尽可能用名词。) ⚫ 含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。(在记叙、描写文体中出现较多。) 3. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。 4. A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。 5. As I won the game, I got a wave and a grin from my sister. 我比赛获胜,我姐姐向我边笑边挥手。 ⚫ 英语中,有些加后缀-er 的名词,如 teacher, thinker 等等,有时在句中并不指其身份或职业, 而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有恰当的对应名词时,往往可以译成动词。(She is a well-known singer.——她是一位著名的歌唱家;Some of my class-mates are good singers.——我 同班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。) 6. In reality, I’m a great admirer of the Chinese. 实际上,我对中国人佩服得五体投地。 7. He is a good eater and a good sleeper
他能吃能睡。。作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译为动词,如havearest和haveagoodlookat里的rest和look8. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention ofthe demonstration下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。。1.英语中的介词是用的相当多的,其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点等等,英译汉时往往可以省略;但有许多本身带有动作性的介词(多表示方向),汉译时可以译成动词,反之,这类汉语动词译成英语时通常用介词表示。10. “Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into theporch“来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。练习:他走出小屋,跨过草地,爬上小山,走进了那座庙宇。He went out of the cottage, across thelawn, up the hill and into the temple。2.汉语句子中如有两个以上的动词,且它们之间没有并列关系的情况下,英语中通常只用一个谓语动词,同时用介词短语或别的词类表示其它动词的意思。反之亦然。14.屈原怀着十分悲痛的心情,抱了一块石头,投汨罗江自杀了。Overwhelmed with grief, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River with a large stone in his arms(如果汉语句子中两个动词中,一个表示动作,一个表示状态,通常把前者译为谓语动词,后者则可转化为介词短语。)再如:他点了点头,表示同意。(Henoddedinagreement.)9.With these words, he went away.(试比较:After he said these words, hewent away.)说完这些话,他便走开了。·英语中表示知觉、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在连系动词后作表语用时,往往可转译为汉语动词。(常见的这类形容词有:confident,certain,careful,angry,afraid,awaregrateful等)11.I amdoubtful whether heis stillalive7
7 他能吃能睡。 ⚫ 作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译为动词,如 have a rest 和 have a good look at 里的 rest 和 look 8. The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration. 下一个新闻节目比通常短,没有提到游行。 ⚫ 1.英语中的介词是用的相当多的,其中有些没有动作意味而仅表示时间、地点等等,英译汉时 往往可以省略;但有许多本身带有动作性的介词(多表示方向),汉译时可以译成动词,反之, 这类汉语动词译成英语时通常用介词表示。 10. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. “来啦!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了,越过草地,跑上小径,跨上台阶,穿过凉台,进了门廊。 练习: 他走出小屋,跨过草地,爬上小山,走进了那座庙宇。 He went out of the cottage, across the lawn, up the hill and into the temple. ⚫ 2. 汉语句子中如有两个以上的动词,且它们之间没有并列关系的情况下,英语中通常只用一个 谓语动词,同时用介词短语或别的词类表示其它动词的意思。反之亦然。 14. 屈原怀着十分悲痛的心情,抱了一块石头,投汨罗江自杀了。 Overwhelmed with grief, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River with a large stone in his arms. (如果汉语句子中两个动词中,一个表示动作,一个表示状态,通常把前者译为谓语动词,后者则可 转化为介词短语。) 再如:他点了点头,表示同意。(He nodded in agreement.) 9. With these words, he went away. (试比较:After he said these words, he went away.) 说完这些话,他便走开了。 ⚫ 英语中表示知觉、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在连系动词后作表语用时,往往可转译为汉语动 词。(常见的这类形容词有:confident, certain, careful, angry, afraid, aware, grateful 等) 11. I am doubtful whether he is still alive
我怀疑他是否还活着。英语形容词的比较级有时可以根据汉语表达习惯转换成动词,与被修饰的名词组成动宾词组。The American people hailed the program for greater Sino-US trade美国人欢迎这个扩大中美贸易的计划。。英语中带有动作意味的副词也可转译为动词。12. I'm afraid Mr. Brown is out, but he'll be in soon.恐怕布朗先生出去了,但是他很快会回来的。词类转译法四(英译汉)转译为名词-.·英语动词转移为汉语名词(一)英语中有很多由名词派生的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译为汉语名词。1.Formalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship他们的关系有一个特点,就是以礼相待。2.Tradeunionleadersclaimed thatsomeof theirmembershadbeen victimized bybeing dismissed工会领袖认为有些会员遭到解雇,成了牺牲品。(victimize是从名词派生出来的,译作汉语名词是顺理成章的事,但要相应增加动词使句子结构完整。)(二)英语中有名词转用的动词,可转译为汉语名词。3. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works由于打了一个工头,他被列入黑名单,不能在肥料厂工作了。4.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car一个穿着讲究的人上了车,他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。(三)英语被动句中的谓语动词有时也可以转换成汉语名词,然后添上受动词(如“受到”、“加以”等)译成“受动词+名词”/“受(遭)到………+名词”、“予(加)以+名词”这类结构。5. And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be"jeopardized"by a continuation ofthe war.8
8 我怀疑他是否还活着。 英语形容词的比较级有时可以根据汉语表达习惯转换成动词,与被修饰的名词组成动宾词组。 The American people hailed the program for greater Sino-US trade. 美国人欢迎这个扩大中美贸易的计划。 ⚫ 英语中带有动作意味的副词也可转译为动词。 12. I’m afraid Mr. Brown is out, but he’ll be in soon. 恐怕布朗先生出去了,但是他很快会回来的。 词类转译法 四 一. (英译汉)转译为名词 ⚫ 英语动词转移为汉语名词 (一)英语中有很多由名词派生的动词,在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词,这时可将其转译为汉语名 词。 1. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们的关系有一个特点,就是以礼相待。 2. Trade union leaders claimed that some of their members had been victimized by being dismissed. 工会领袖认为有些会员遭到解雇,成了牺牲品。 (victimize 是从名词派生出来的,译作汉语名词是顺理成章的事,但要相应增加动词使句子结构完 整。) (二)英语中有名词转用的动词,可转译为汉语名词。 3. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works. 由于打了一个工头,他被列入黑名单,不能在肥料厂工作了。 4. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车,他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。 (三)英语被动句中的谓语动词有时也可以转换成汉语名词,然后添上受动词(如“受到”、“加以”等), 译成“受动词+名词”/“受(遭)到.+名词”、“予(加)以+名词”这类结构。 5. And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be “jeopardized” by a continuation of the war
他还警告说,如果战争继续下去,双边关系的改善有可能受到危害。6.The questionof United States arms sales toTaiwanwas not settled in the course of negotiations betweenthetwocountries on establishingdiplomaticrelations美国向台湾出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中并没有得到解决。7. Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitationalattraction of the sun, moon and earth由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。·英语形容词转译为汉语名词(四)英语形容词转译为汉语名词8.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant----but soft史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。二.(英译汉)转译为形容词·英语名词转译为汉语形容词(一)形容词派生的名词往往可以转译为形容词9. We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People.在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢迎仪式,给我们留下了十分深刻的印象。10.Hetalkedfor some timewithBundy,and hisquestion reflected theenormityofhisdoubts他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。(二)有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转译为形容词Il. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, Ihope you will give him the necessary help他对这城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。练习:Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.(独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。)·英语副词转译为汉语形容词英语动词译为汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译为形容词。14. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。三,(英译汉)转译为汉语副词·英语形容词转译为汉语副词9
9 他还警告说,如果战争继续下去,双边关系的改善有可能受到危害。 6. The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing diplomatic relations. 美国向台湾出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中并没有得到解决。 7. Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. 由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响,卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。 ⚫ 英语形容词转译为汉语名词 (四)英语形容词转译为汉语名词 8. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度,但很软弱。 二. (英译汉)转译为形容词 ⚫ 英语名词转译为汉语形容词 (一) 形容词派生的名词往往可以转译为形容词 9. We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People. 在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢迎仪式,给我们留下了十分深刻的印象。 10. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts. 他同邦迪谈了一会,他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。 (二) 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时,往往可以转译为形容词 11. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。 练习: Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. (独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。) ⚫ 英语副词转译为汉语形容词 英语动词译为汉语名词时,修饰该动词的副词往往转译为形容词。 14. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 三.(英译汉)转译为汉语副词 ⚫ 英语形容词转译为汉语副词
英语名词转译为汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。12. We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。13.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of thePresident's reasons forwillingto begina Chinese-Americandialogue这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。15.At last, he whispered a hurried good-byeto his host and darted toward the door最后,他匆匆地向主人轻声道别,急步走向门口。英语名词转译为汉语副词·还有些英语名词则可以根据汉语的表达习惯译作副词。16.Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotential antagonist,his instinct istowinhimoverwithcharmand humor只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。17.I havethe honor toinformyouthat your applicationhasbeen accepted我荣幸地通知阁下,您的申请已被接受。·英语副词转译为汉语名词18.They have not done so well ideologically,however, as organizationally但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。练习:Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.(他身体虽弱,但思想健康。)19.(秦岭血雉)由于数量稀少,环境适应性差,迄今未见饲养展出。Due to their scarcity and inability to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in anyzoo so far.说明:本句摘自一篇科普文章,如果是非正式的口语,则可保留形容词形式。Becausetheyare scarceandunableto adapttonewenvironments,nobloodpheasant hasbeen raised in anyzoo so far.20.徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色,他由此一夜之间声名大噪。Xu Beihong's exceptional excellence in paintinghorses gained himan overnightfame增词法10
10 英语名词转译为汉语动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。 12. We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries. 我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。 13. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。 15. At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door. 最后,他匆匆地向主人轻声道别,急步走向门口。 ⚫ 英语名词转译为汉语副词 还有些英语名词则可以根据汉语的表达习惯译作副词。 16. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. 只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 17. I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted. 我荣幸地通知阁下,您的申请已被接受。 ⚫ 英语副词转译为汉语名词 18. They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。 练习: He is physically weak but mentally sound. (他身体虽弱,但思想健康。) 19. (秦岭血雉)由于数量稀少,环境适应性差,迄今未见饲养展出。 Due to their scarcity and inability to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far. 说明:本句摘自一篇科普文章,如果是非正式的口语,则可保留形容词形式。 Because they are scarce and unable to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far. 20. 徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色,他由此一夜之间声名大噪。 Xu Beihong’s exceptional excellence in painting horses gained him an overnight fame. 增词法