Lecture1Sentence StructureTopic:Lecture 1Sentence StructureTeaching Time:2hoursTeaching Aims:1.Let the students know some basic concepts about sentence and can tellthem correctly.2.Make the students mastertheclause elements.3.Develop the students'abilities of telling thedifferenttypes of basic clause,andthus can analyze theelements.Key Points:1. The clause elements2.Two ways of sentence analysis3.Thebasic clausetypes4.Thetransformation andexpansionofbasicclausetypesDifficult Points:1.Twowaysof sentence analysis2.Thebasic clausetypesTeaching Procedures:Stage I : Greetings (Imin)StageI: Introduction (8mins)1. Morphemes2. Words3. Phrases4.Clauses5.SentencesStagellI:Presentation (30mins)1
1 Lecture 1 Sentence Structure Topic: Lecture 1 Sentence Structure Teaching Time: 2hours Teaching Aims: 1.Let the students know some basic concepts about sentence and can tell them correctly. 2. Make the students master the clause elements. 3. Develop the students’ abilities of telling the different types of basic clause, and thus can analyze the elements. Key Points: 1. The clause elements 2. Two ways of sentence analysis 3. The basic clause types 4. The transformation and expansion of basic clause types Difficult Points: 1. Two ways of sentence analysis 2. The basic clause types Teaching Procedures: StageⅠ: Greetings (1min) StageⅡ: Introduction (8mins) 1. Morphemes 2. Words 3. Phrases 4. Clauses 5. Sentences StageⅢ: Presentation (30mins)
Owing to the fact that sentences in authentic language differ structurally inthousands of ways, what is described here as sentence structure. sentenceelements,or sentence patterns is only concerned with the simple sentence,orrather with the clause.1.Clause elementsAs has been pointed out before,the clause or the simple sentence isstructurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “Subject+predicate".That is to say,the clause or the simple sentence is not just anagglomeration of phrases;it is a group of phrases organized into a constructionof"subject +predicate",I)Subjectand predicateA full-fledged clause can generally be divided into two parts: the subjectand the predicate. The subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, whichtells of what the sentence is about. The predicate says something about thesubject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants totransmit to the listener or reader.The subject is generally realized by a nounphrase or an equivalent of noun phrase,while the construction ofthe predicate,which is more complicated,generally consists of a verb phrase with orwithoutcomplementation.2)Twowaysof sentenceanalysisTo facilitate description of how the English language works,sentencescan be analyzed in two ways. one way is to divide thepredicate intopredicate verb, object. complement and adverbial. These elements togetherwith the subject makethe fiveclause elements.The other way of sentenceanalysis is to divide the predicate into two parts:theoperator andthepredication._The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in acomplex verb phrase, while the predication comprises the main verb with itscomplementation(object，complementoradverbial)2. Basic clause types and their transformation and expansion2
2 Owing to the fact that sentences in authentic language differ structurally in thousands of ways，what is described here as sentence structure. sentence elements，or sentence patterns is only concerned with the simple sentence，or rather with the clause． 1. Clause elements As has been pointed out before, the clause or the simple sentence is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “Subject + predicate”．That is to say，the clause or the simple sentence is not just an agglomeration of phrases；it is a group of phrases organized into a construction of "subject + predicate". 1) Subject and predicate A full-fledged clause can generally be divided into two parts: the subject and the predicate．The subject is the topic or theme of the sentence，which tells of what the sentence is about．The predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader．The subject is generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase，while the construction of the predicate, which is more complicated， generally consists of a verb phrase with or without complementation． 2) Two ways of sentence analysis To facilitate description of how the English language works， sentences can be analyzed in two ways. one way is to divide the predicate into predicate verb，object, complement and adverbial. These elements together with the subject make the five clause elements．The other way of sentence analysis is to divide the predicate into two parts： the operator and the predication. The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase, while the predication comprises the main verb with its complementation(object，complement or adverbial)． 2. Basic clause types and their transformation and expansion
Intermsof thedifferentcombinationsofclause elements。Englishclausescan be classified into seven basic types. Innumerable authentic sentences arestructured onthebasis ofthese clause types.1)Basicclause typesThe seven basic clause types are SVC, SV, SVA,SVO, SVOA,SVOC,SVoO.These seven combinations of clause elements arewhollyor largely determined by the main verb in the clause.ThemainverbinanSVC pattern is a linking or copula verb whichmustbe followed byasubject complement.The main verb in an SV pattern is an intransitive verbwhich is not to be followed by any obligatoryelement except for a limitednumber of intransitive verbs which require an obligatory adverbial,thusconstituting the pattern SVA. The main verb in an SVO pattern is amonotransitive which must be followed by an object,and with somemonotransitives the object must again be followed by an obligatory adverbial,thus constituting the pattern SVOA. The main verb in an SVOC pattern is acomplex transitive verb which must be followed by an object + objectcomplement.The main verb in an SVoO pattern is a ditransitive verb which isto be followed by two objects: indirect and direct object.2)Transformation andexpansion ofbasicclausetypesThebasic clausetypes are all affirmative statements with verbs in the activevoice.An affirmative clause can be transformed into a negative;a statementinto a guestion and an active clause into a passive. All these add varieties tothe basic clause types.The basic clause types and their variants can also be expandedintolarger grammatical units through adding modifiers at variouslevels,andtheselarger unitscan again be expanded through coordination andsubordination intocompound.complexand compound-complex sentences.StageIV:Practice(30mins)1. Ask the students to read the textbook again and write down their own3
3 In terms of the different combinations of clause elements。English clauses can be classified into seven basic types. Innumerable authentic sentences are structured on the basis of these clause types． 1) Basic clause types The seven basic clause types are SVC，SV，SVA，SVO，SVOA, SVOC，SVoO．These seven combinations of clause elements are wholly or largely determined by the main verb in the clause. The main verb in an SVC pattern is a linking or copula verb which must be followed by a subject complement．The main verb in an SV pattern is an intransitive verb which is not to be followed by any obligatory element except for a limited number of intransitive verbs which require an obligatory adverbial，thus constituting the pattern SVA ．The main verb in an SVO pattern is a monotransitive which must be followed by an object ，and with some monotransitives the object must again be followed by an obligatory adverbial， thus constituting the pattern SVOA．The main verb in an SVOC pattern is a complex transitive verb which must be followed by an object + object complement．The main verb in an SVoO pattern is a ditransitive verb which is to be followed by two objects：indirect and direct object． 2) Transformation and expansion of basic clause types The basic clause types are all affirmative statements with verbs in the active voice．An affirmative clause can be transformed into a negative；a statement into a question; and an active clause into a passive. All these add varieties to the basic clause types． The basic clause types and their variants can also be expanded into larger grammatical units through adding modifiers at various levels，and these larger units can again be expanded through coordination and subordination into compound, complex and compound-complex sentences． StageⅣ: Practice (30mins) 1. Ask the students to read the textbook again and write down their own
summaries ofthe theories concerned with the basic clause types.2.Ask the students tofinish theEXERCISE 1Ain groups in 20 minutes intheclass.3.AskthestudentstofinishtheEXERCISE1CandEXERCISE1BbythemselvesafterclassStage V:Consolidation (30mins)1.TheteacheraskssomestudentstogivetheanswersoftheEXERCISE1A2.The teacher explainseverysentence of EXERCISE 1A indetailsandmakesurethestudents masterthemcorrectlyStageVI:Assignments (lmins)1.FinishEXERCISE1BandEXERCISE1C afterclass and the teacherwillcheck and explainthem inthenextclass2.Givea brief summary about all the knowledge about the sentencestructure.3.ReviewEXERCISE1Aagain.4.Previewthenextlecture:Lecture2&3Subject-verbConcord4
4 summaries of the theories concerned with the basic clause types. 2. Ask the students to finish the EXERCISE 1A in groups in 20 minutes in the class. 3. Ask the students to finish the EXERCISE 1C and EXERCISE 1B by themselves after class. StageⅤ: Consolidation (30mins) 1. The teacher asks some students to give the answers of the EXERCISE 1A. 2. The teacher explains every sentence of EXERCISE 1A in details and make sure the students master them correctly. StageⅥ: Assignments (1mins) 1. Finish EXERCISE 1B and EXERCISE 1C after class and the teacher will check and explain them in the next class. 2.Give a brief summary about all the knowledge about the sentence structure. 3.Review EXERCISE 1A again. 4.Preview the next lecture: Lecture 2 & 3 Subject-verb Concord
Lecture2&3Subject-verb ConcordTeaching Time: 6hoursTeaching Aims:1.Let the students master the guiding principles:grammatical concord, notionalconcord and proximity2.Makethestudents mastertheproblems of concord withnouns ending in -s3.Make thestudents master the problems of concord with collectivenouns assubject.4.Make the students master the problems of concord with a coordinate subject5.Make the students master the problems of concord with expression ofquantity as subject.6. Let the students know other problems of subject-verb concord.Key Points:1. The guiding principles2.Theproblems of concordwith nouns ending in -s3.Theproblems of concord with collectivenouns as subject4.The problems of concord with a coordinate subject5.Theproblemsofconcordwithexpressionofquantityassubject.DifficultPoints:1. The guiding principles2.Theproblemsofconcordwithnouns ending in-s3.Theproblems ofconcordwithcollectivenounsas subject5
5 Lecture 2 & 3 Subject-verb Concord Teaching Time: 6hours Teaching Aims: 1.Let the students master the guiding principles: grammatical concord; notional concord and proximity. 2. Make the students master the problems of concord with nouns ending in -s. 3. Make the students master the problems of concord with collective nouns as subject. 4. Make the students master the problems of concord with a coordinate subject. 5. Make the students master the problems of concord with expression of quantity as subject. 6. Let the students know other problems of subject-verb concord. Key Points: 1. The guiding principles 2. The problems of concord with nouns ending in -s 3. The problems of concord with collective nouns as subject 4. The problems of concord with a coordinate subject 5. The problems of concord with expression of quantity as subject. Difficult Points: 1. The guiding principles 2. The problems of concord with nouns ending in -s 3. The problems of concord with collective nouns as subject