Cysteine Glycine ATP ADP+P ATP ADP+P Glutamate y-Glu-Cys-Gly y-glutamyl cysteine synthetase y-Glu-Cys glutathione synthetase Glutathione(GSH) Glutathione is Y-Glu VS Gly made from glu NH3 Cys, and gly OOC--CH-CH,-CH2-C-N--CH-C-N-CH2-CO0 H CH H GSH is probably important in SH maintaining proteins in their reduced Glutathione (GSH) (reduced) orms。 GSH is an important cofactor for Y-Glu-Cys-Gly glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme y-Glu-Cys-Gly containing an essential selenocysteine Glutathione(GSSG) (硒代半胱氨酸) residue in the active (oxidized) site, to remove toxic peroxides in cells
Glutathione is made from Glu, Cys, and Gly GSH is probably important in maintaining proteins in their reduced forms. •GSH is an important cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme containing an essential selenocysteine (硒代半胱氨酸) residue in the active site, to remove toxic peroxides in cells
esike d GSH, having the structure of y-Glu-Cys-Gly is the redox buffer in cells, cycling between GSH (reduced form) and GSSg (oxidized form) The tripeptide is synthesized using specific enzymes(not ribosomes)
How is glutathione (GSH) synthesized? • GSH, having the structure of g-Glu-Cys-Gly, is the redox buffer in cells, cycling between GSH (reduced form) and GSSG (oxidized form); • The tripeptide is synthesized using specific enzymes (not ribosomes)
NH3 CHo-CH-COO Tryptophan transferase CH -COO Indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylaseCO2 The plant growth hormone, CHo-COO indole-3-acetate is derived from Trp. Indole-3-acetate (auxin (a)
The plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetate, is derived from Trp
NHs CHo-CH-CO0 OOC-CHg-CH2-CH-COo CH9-CH-COo Glutamate Tetrahydrobiopterin cutan PLP Og HO Tetrahydrobiopterin HO NHs 0OC-CH2-CHg-CH, HO Y-Aminobutyrate Dihydrobiopterin CH2-CH-Coo (GABA) NHs CH,-CH-CO0 →CO LiH- CH2- HO 5-Hydroxytryptophan NHa N NH HO CHo-CH Histidin learns and PLP Dopamine cOz PLP →C O2 H,O HO Dehydroascorbate HO CH2-CH2 N NH CH-CH2 Histamine Norepinephrine adoMet H Many neurotransmitters are CH-CH2 Epinephrine derived from amino acids
Many neurotransmitters are derived from amino acids
COo ATP PP,+ P H3N-C-H S-Adenosylmethionine Methionine CHe *s-Adenosine CH domE PLP H3N--CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CO0 Ornithine decarboxylase N→Co2 PLP ormithine cO2 H3N-CH2 " CH H3N-(CH2)4-NH3 Putrescine H propylaminotransferase - Adenosine →CH3-S- Adenosine CH3 Methylthioadenosine Decarboxylated adoMet H3N-(CH2)3-NH-(CH)4-NH3 Spermidine propylaminotransferase II →CH3-S- Adenosine Spermidine and spermine HgN-(CH2)3-NH-(CH2)4-NH-(CH2)3-NHs are derived from met perming and ornithine
Spermidine and spermine are derived from Met and ornithine