813893 湖北中医学院在职人员 申请硕士学位（高校教师）学位论文 论道教文化对中医养生思想的影响 兼论武当山道教养生医学的形成与发展 研究生姓名：温茂兴 指导教师：王平教授 学科、专业名称：中医基础理论 研究方向：中医养生理论与方法 2005年10月30日
Y 813893 湖北中医学院在职人员 申请硕士学位f高校教师)学化论文 论道教文化对中医养生思想的影响 一兼论武当山道教养生医学的形成与发展 研究生姓名：温茂兴 指导教 师；王平教授 学科、专业名称：中医基础理论 研究方向：中医养生理论与方法 2005年10月30日
默 813893 郑重声明 本人的学位论文是在导师指导下独立撰写并完成的，学位论文没有剽 窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权行为，本人愿意承担由 此而产生的法律责任和法律后果，特此郑重声明。 学位论文作者（签名）：温.我光 2005年10月30日
郑 重 声 明 r 813893 本人的学位论文是在导师指导下独立撰写并完成的，学位论文没有剽 窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权行为，本人愿意承担由 此而产生的法律责任和法律后果，特此郑重声明。 学位论文作者(签名)：一一温一＆姜一一 2005年10月30口
摘要 中医养生学是医学与人文相互促进与发展的典范。道教文化以延年益寿、羽 化登仙为最高目标，对中医养生思想的影响十分深刻。研究道教文化对中医养生 思想的影响，可以使我们进一步认识中医养生思想的精随，探究传统文化促进民 族医学发展的规律，有助于我们秉承几千年积淀下来的民族医学与文化的精粹， 推动中医养生学不断向前发展。 1从“医道相通”透视道教文化对中医养生思想的影响 道教的教理教义都是围绕生命展开的，生命问题是道教思想的枢纽。道教与 中医养生学目标一致，道教文化必然影响中医养生学的发展。 道教和中医养生的哲学基础都源于易学。《周易》所述的“一阴一阳之谓道”， 作为中国哲学理论的根基，既影响着道教，又影响着中医学。 易道相通。周易哲学的核心是“阴阳”。阴阳哲学从创立开始，就关注的是 生命问题。道教把长生久视、羽化登仙作为修道的终极目标，使易与道发生联系 成为可能。 医易同源。中医养生继承了《周易》的阴阳哲学思想。《内经》认为，人体 只有保持“阴平阳秘”的状态，才能维持生命状态的协调平衡。这是中医养生思 想的最原始模型，也是中医养生思想的最高纲领。 几千年来，道医道药直接影响着中医养生。 2“道法自然”与中医养生之“四气调神” 道教认为，人类只有顺应自然界的变化而变化，才能达到颐养天年的最终目 的。中医养生吸收了道教“道法自然”的哲学思想，提出了“天人合一”、“四气 调神”的养生观点。 3“无为而治”与中医养生之“不妄作劳” 道教的“无为而治”思想是指人的行为必须遵循自然进程和规律，才能达到 “久视长生”，颐养天年。中医养生汲取“无为而治”的哲学思想，提出了“不 妄作劳”才可“尽终天年”的养生思想。 4“功行双全”与中医养生之“德全不危” “功行及全”是指道门在施行炼养方术的同时，还应广泛行善施仁积德。中 医受道教以德养生思想的影响，提出了自己的“德全不危”的养生观，认为养德 与养生密不可分，两者可以兼而得之。 5“为之于未有、治之于未乱”与中医养生之“治未病” 道教认为不论是延年益寿，还是长生成仙，都必须十分注重平时的预防和调 养。中医从道教的“为之于未有，治之于未乱”中悟出“治未病”的养生法则， 并总结创造出针灸、按摩、药补等“治未病”的妙计良策。 6“祝由符咒”与中医养生之“意疗” 道教祝由符咒除用以祈福禳灾外，主要用来为人治病。此法可使病人排除焦 虑、紧张、忧郁等不良情绪，从而使气机调畅。这种方法是从现代医学来讲是一 种心理疗法。中医养生的心理疗法（意疗）受道教祝由符咒的影响很大。《黄帝 内经》及王冰在为《内经》作注时，都十分推崇祝由治病之术， 7“服食辟谷”与中医养生之“饮食有节” 道教服食辟谷是道门内服丹药，或兼以服气的一种特殊的养生修炼之术，目 的是为了延年益寿，中医养生之饮食有节与道教服食辟谷的养生方术与思想一脉 相承。 8“服气导引”与中医养生之“和于术数
摘 要 中医养生学是医学与人文相互促进与发展的典范。道教文化以延年益寿、羽 化登仙为最高目标，对中医养生思想的影响十分深刻。研究道教文化对中医养生 思想的影响，可以使我们进一步认识中医养生思想的精髓，探究传统文化促进民 族医学发展的规律，有助于我们秉承几千年积淀下来的民族医学与文化的精粹， 推动中医养生学不断向前发展。 1 从“医道相通”透视道教文化对中医养生思想的影响 道教的教理教义都是围绕生命展开的，生命问题是道教思想的枢纽。道教与 中医养生学目标一致，道教文化必然影响中医养生学的发展。 道教和中医养生的哲学基础都源于易学。《周易》所述的“一阴一阳之谓道”， 作为中国哲学理论的根基，既影响着道教，又影响着中医学。 易道相通。周易哲学的核心是“髑阳”。阴阳哲学从创立开始，就关注的是 生命问题。道教把长生久视、羽化登仙作为修道的终极目标，使易与道发生联系 成为可能。 医易同源。中医养生继承了《周易))的阴阳哲学思想。《内经》认为，人体 只有保持“阴平阳秘”的状态，才能维持生命状态的协调平衡。这是中医养生思 想的最原始模型，也是中医养生思想的最高纲领。 几千年来，道医道药直接影响着中医养生。 2 。道法自然”与中医养生之“四气调神” 道教认为，人类只有顺应自然界的变化而变化，才能达到颐养天年的最终目 的。中医养生吸收了道教“道法自然”的哲学思想，提出了“天人台一”、“四气 调神”的养生观点。 3 “无为而治”与中医养生之“不妄作劳” 道教的“无为而治”思想是指入的行为必须遵循自然进程和规律，才能达到 “久视长生”，颐养天年。中医养生汲取“无为而治”的哲学思想，提出了“不 妄作劳”才可“尽终天年”的养生思想。 4 “功行双全”与中医养生之“德全不危” “功行双全”是指道门在施行炼养方术的同时，还应广泛行善施仁积德。中 医受道教以德养生思想的影响，提出了自己的“德金不危”的养生观，认为养德 与养生密不可分，两者可以兼而得之。 5 4为之于来有、冶之于末乱”与中医养生之“治未病” 道教认为不论是延年益寿，还是长生成仙，都必须十分注重平时的预防和调 养。中医从道教的“为之于未有，治之于未乱”中悟出“治来病”的养生法则， 并总结创造出针灸、按摩、药补等“治未病”的妙计良策。 6 “祝由符咒”与中医养生之“意疗” 道教祝由符咒除用以祈福禳灾外，主要用来为人治病。此法可使病人排除焦 虑、紧张、忧郁等不良情绪，从而使气机调畅。这种方法是从现代医学来讲是一 种心理疗法。中医养生的一心理疗法(意疗)受道教祝由符咒的影响很大。《黄帝 内经》及王冰在为《内经》作注时，都十分推崇祝由治病之术。 7 “服食辟谷”与中医养生之“饮食有节” 道教服食辟谷是道f-j内服丹药，或兼以服气的一种特殊的养生修炼之术，目 的是为了延年益寿。中医养生之饮食有节与道教服食辟谷的养生方术与思想一脉 相承。 8 “服气导引”与中医养生之“和于术数
“服气”是一种以气息吐纳为主，辅以导引、按摩的养生技法；“导引”是用 意念以自力引动肢体运动，以使气血平和。中医十分强调“和于术数”在养生保 健中的的重要作用。在中医养生技法中，气功类方法是与道教服气导引之术最相 似的。 9“虚而无形”、“守一存思”、“内丹修炼”与中医养生之“精神内守” 恬淡清静、致虚无为是道教哲学思想的重要内容，即通过虚静养神以达到颐 养天年的目的。中医养生沿用道教恬淡虚无的哲学思想，强调养生必须做到“精 神内守”，强调内心虚静作为内因在养生中的重要作用。 道教“守一”、“存思”是进行意念调控的养生之术。“内丹修炼”是道教养 生的最高成就，也是道教养生区别于医学保健和其他各家养生术的根本标志。 “内丹”是指经过特定的修炼在人体内形成的精、气、神高度统一的状态或境界。 “守一存思”、“内丹修炼”不仅对中医养生学的精神养生具有重要的指导意义， 对现代身心医学的发展也有积极影响。 10房中术与中医养生之“节欲保精” 道教认为有节制地行房事，既可长寿，也可美容，中医历来十分重视房事养 生，并以合房有道，节欲保精作为房事养生的基本原则 11论武当山道教养生医学的形成与发展 武当山是世界文化遗产地。历代道门高徒在此修道行医，研习养生之术，使 道教养生医学在这里世代相传，形成独具特色的武当道教医药及养生之术。 武当山道界丹道的修持习炼、武当内家功夫、服食辟谷术、武当道乐是武当 山道教养生文化的特色。武当山道教建筑也蕴含着养生意境。武当山道教医药历 史悠久，近年来得到挖掘与复兴。 关键词：道教，中医，养生，影响 Abstract The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health is the model of medicine and humanities promoting and developing mutually.Taoism culture takes the longevity as the highest goal,affects the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health profoundly.The research of Taoism culture influencing the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought may make us further to know the essence of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought,to explore the rule of the traditional culture promoting national medicine, the research of that is helpful to us inheriting the essence of national medicine and culture which have accumulated for several millenniums,and will impel the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health to move forward unceasingly. 1 Looks at Taoism culture influencing the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health from "the medicine and Taoism is interlinked Taoism theory is centers upon the life,the life question is the key position of Taoism thought.Taoism and the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health goal is consistent,Taoism culture affects the development of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health inevitably. The origin about philosophy foundation of Taoism and the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health is "Yijin"."One Yin and one Yang is Taoism"is the foundation of Chinese philosophy theory,moreover affecting Taoism,and affecting the Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2
“服气”是一种以气息吐纳为主，辅以导引、按摩的养生技{}去；“导引”是用 意念以自力引动肢体运动，以使气血平和。中医十分强调“和于术数”在养生保 健中的的重要作用。在中医养生技法中，气功类方法是与道教服气导引之术最相 似的。 9“虚而无形”、“守一存思”、“内丹修炼”与中医养生之“精神内守” 恬淡清静、致虚无为是道教哲学思想的重要内容，即通过虚静养神以达到颐 养天年的目的。中医养生沿用道教恬淡虚无的哲学思想，强调养生必须做到“精 神内守”，强调内心虚静作为内因在养生中的重要作用。 道教“守一”、“存恩”是进行意念调控的养生之术。“内丹修炼”是道教养 生的最高成就，也是道教养生区别于医学保健和其他各家养生术的根本标志。 “内丹”是指经过特定的修炼在人体内形成的精、气、神高度统一的状态或境界。 “守一存思”、“内丹修炼”不仅对中医养生学的精神养生具有重要的指导意义， 对现代身心医学的发展也有积极影响。 1 0房中术与中医养生之“节欲保精” 道教认为有节制地行房事，既可长寿，也可美容。中医历来十分重视房事养 生，并阻合房有道，节欲保精作为房事养生的基本原则。 11论武当山道教养生医学的形成与发展 武当山是世界文化遗产地。历代道门高徒在此修道行医，研习养生之术，使 道教养生医学在这里世代相传，形成独具特色的武当道教医药及养生之术。 武当山道界丹道的修持习炼、武当内家功夫、服食辟谷术、武当遭乐是武当 山道教养生文化的特色。武当山道教建筑也蕴含着养生意境。武当山道教医药历 史悠久，近年来得到挖掘与复兴。 关键词：道教，中医，养生，影响 The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping jn good health is fhe model of medicine and humanities promoting and developing mutually．Taoism culture takes the longevity as the highest goal．affects the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health profoundly．The research of Taoism culture influencing fhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought may make US furfher to know the essence of lhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought．to explore ihe rule of the traditionaI culture promoting nationaI medicine． the research of ihat iS helpful to US inheriting the essence of national medicine and culture which have accumulated for several millenniums and will impel fhe TraditionaI Chinese Medicine keeping in good health to move forward unceasingly． 1 Looks at Taoism culture influencing lhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health from”the medicine and Taoism is iriterlinked” Taoism theory lS centers upon the Iife．Ihe 1ife question iS the key position of Taoism thought．Taoism and the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health goal is consistent．Taoism culture affects the development 0f the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health inevitably． The origin aboul philosophy foundation 0f Taoism and lhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health iS"Yijin”“One Yin and one Yang iS Taoism”iS the foundation 0f Chinese philosophy theory．moreover affecting Taoism，and affecting the Traditional Chinese Medicine
Yixue and Taoism is interlinked."Zhouyi"philosophy core is "Yin and Yang".Yin and Yang philosophy starts when paying attention to the life question.The longevity is the Taoism ultimate objective,Taoism and Yi's relation is possible. Medical and Yi's origin is same.The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health has inherited the Yin and Yang philosophy thought of Yixue."Neijing"believed,the human only maintains "the Yin and Yang balance"condition,can maintains condition of that the life is coordinated and balanced.This is the most pilot model of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought,is the maximum program of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought also. Several millenniums come,Taoism medicine is affecting the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health directly. 2 "Taoism obeys the nature"and preserving mind according to the Siqi"of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism believed that,the humanity must change obeying the nature changing,and can achieve the longevity goal.The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health has absorbed Taoism"Taoism obeys the nature"philosophy thought,and proposed viewpoint about keeping in good health of"the human and the nature in one","preserving mind according to the Siqi". 3 "Governs by non-interference"and "moves not randomly"of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism "governs by non-interference"thought refers to that human's behavior must follow the natural law,then can achieve the longevity goal.The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health has absorbed the "governs by non-interference"philosophy thought,proposed keeping in good health thought of "moves not randomly"in order to being longevity possibly. 4 "Moral and technique are all good"and "good moral character is advantageous to good body"of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health "moral and technology are all good"refers to that taoist should do good deeds widely during taking method of keeping in good health.The Traditional Chinese Medicine was infiuenced by Taoism thought of keeping in good health with moral,and have proposed viewpoint of "good moral character is advantageous to good body",and believed that good moral and keeping in good health cannot been separated,two aspects are all essential. 5 "prevents disease ahead of the time and "treats disease that has not occurred"of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism believed that people must paid great attention to usual prevention during keeping in good health.The Traditional Chinese Medicine realizes keeping in good health principle of "treats disease that has not occurred"from Taoism "prevents disease ahead of the time",and have created the method of acupuncture,massage,builds up one's health by medicine and so on. 6 "Wishes by the Taoist magical figures"and the "psychotherapy"of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism wishing by the Taoist magical figures uses for treating an illness mainly besides uses for hopping happiness.This method may cause the patient to remove anxious,intense, melancholy and so on,the modem medicine thought this is psychotherapy.The Traditional Chinese Medicine in good health psychotherapy is influenced deeply by Taoist magical figures. 'Huangdi Neijing"appreciates extremely to this method
Yixue and Taoism is interlinked．“Zhouyi”philosophy core is“Yin and Yang“Yin and Yang philosophy starts when paying attention to fhe I№question．The longevity is the Taoism ultimate objective，Taoism and Yils relation is possible MedicaI and Yi’s origin is same．The TraditionaI Chinese Medicine keeping in good health has inherited the Yin and Yang philosophy ihought of Yixue．1Neijing”believed．the human only maintains”the Yin and Yang balance”condition．can maintains condition of lhallhe Iife is c00rdinated and balancecl．This is lhe mosl pilot modeI of lhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought．is lhe maximum program of fhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health thought also． SeveraJ millenniums come．Taoism medicine js affecting fhe Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health directly 2”Taoism obeys the nature”and。。preserving mind according to the Siqi”of the TraditionaI Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism believed that，the humanity must change obeying the nature changing，and can achieve lhe Iongevily goal．The TraditionaI Chinese Medicine keeping i13 good health has absorbed Taoism“Taoism obeys lhe nature”philosophy thought，and proposed viewpoint about keeping in good health of。1the human and the nature in one“，”preserving mind according tothe Siqi“ 3 ”Governs by non．interference”and“moves not randomly”of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism”governs by non．interference”thought refers to fhat humanls behavior musl foIlow lhe naturaI 1aw．1hen can achieve fhe Iongevity goal．The Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health has absorbed the”governs by non—interference“philosophy thought．proposed keeping in good health thought of”moves not randomly“in order to being longevity possibly． 4”Moral and technique are all good”and”good moral character is advantageous to good body”of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health ”moraI and technology are all good”refers fo fhal Iaoist should do good deeds widely during taking method of keeping in good health The TreditionaI Chinese Medicine was influenced by Taoism thought of keeping in good health with moral．and have proposed viewpoint of”good moreI character is advantageous to good body”．and believed fhaf good moral and keeping In good health cannol been separated．two aspects are alI essential． 5 ”prevents disease ahead of the time”and”treats disease that has not occurred”of the TraditionaI Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism believed that people must paid great attention to usuaI prevention during keeping in good health．The TraditionaI Chinese Medicine realizes keeping in good health principle of ”treats disease thal has nol occurred”from Taoism 1。prevents disease ahead of fhe lime”，and have created lhe method of acupuncture．massage．builds up one’s health by medicine and so 0n 6 ”Wishes by the Taoist magical figures”and the”psychotherapy”of the Traditional Chinese Medicine keeping in good health Taoism wishing by the Taoist magical figures uses for treating an illness mainly besides uses for hopping happiness．This method may cause lhe patient to remove anxious，intense， melancholy and so on．the modern medicine thought lhis is psychotherapy．The Traditional Chinese Medicine in good health psychotherapy is influenced deeply by Taoist magical figures “Huangdl Neijing“appreciates extremely to this method．