19.3 Basicity of amines (胺的碱性): Amine salts(胺盐) Amines are relatively weak bases. They are stronger bases than water but are far weaker bases than hydroxide ions(oh), alkoxide ions (RO), and carbanions(C) RNH2 H20 RNH3 OH IRNH31 oHT Kb IRNH2 pKb=-log Kb Kb pKb) Basicity碱性
19.3 Basicity of amines (胺的碱性): Amine salts (胺盐) Amines are relatively weak bases. They are stronger bases than water but are far weaker bases than hydroxide ions (OH- ), alkoxide ions (RO- ), and carbanions (C- ). RNH2 + H2 O RNH3 + OH - + Kb = [RNH3 ] [OH - ] [RNH2 ] pKb = - log Kb Kb pKb Basicity 碱 性
NH2 NH3 CH2NH ChchbNH pKb 9.42 4.74 3.36 3.25 Explain 碱性增强 NH 由于pπ conjugate 共轭,使氮上电子云向苯环偏移 降低了氮上电子云密度,碱性减弱。 CH3NH2 由于甲基是推电子基,通过甲基诱导效应 使氮上电子云密度升高,接受质子能力增强,碱性增强
pKb NH2 NH3 CH3NH2 CH3CH2NH2 9.42 4.74 3.36 3.25 Explain; 碱 性 增 强 NH2 由 于 p- conjugate 共 轭 , 使 氮 上 电 子 云 向 苯 环 偏 移 , CH3 NH2 由 于 甲 基 是 推 电 子 基 , 通 过 甲 基 诱 导 效 应 , 使 氮 上 电 子 云 密 度 升 高 , 接 受 质 子 能 力 增 强 , 碱 性 增 强 。 降 低 了 氮 上 电 子 云 密 度 , 碱 性 减 弱
The gas phase the basicities of the following amines increase with increasing methyl substitution: CH3N+CH3 CH CH CH3-NH2> NH3 CH 由于甲基是推电子基,通过甲基诱导效应 使氮上电子云密度升高,接受质子能力增强,碱性增强
The gas phase the basicities of the following amines increase with increasing methyl substitution: 由 于 甲 基 是 推 电 子 基 , 通 过 甲 基 诱 导 效 应 , 使 氮 上 电 子 云 密 度 升 高 , 接 受 质 子 能 力 增 强 , 碱 性 增 强 。 CH3 N CH3 CH3 CH3 H N CH3 CH3 NH3 NH2
This is not the order of basicity of these amines in aqueous solution, however In aqueous solution the order is CHiNCH CH3N-+CH3 NI CH 由于在溶液中, 三甲胺由于甲基的空间障碍效应, 使氮上接受质子能力减弱,碱性减弱。 The reason for this The tertiary amine less basic than primary and secondary amines in aqueous solution However, the electron-releasing effect does make the tertiary amine more basic than ammonia
由 于 在 溶 液 中 , 使 氮 上 接 受 质 子 能 力 减 弱 , 碱 性 减 弱 。 CH3 N CH3 CH3 CH3 H N CH3 CH3 NH2 NH3 三 甲 胺 由 于 甲 基 的 空 间 障 碍 效 应 , The tertiary amine less basic than primary and secondary amines in aqueous solution. However, the electron-releasing effect does make the tertiary amine more basic than ammonia. The reason for this; This is not the order of basicity of these amines in aqueous solution, however. In aqueous solution the order is:
19.3a Basicity of arylamines (芳香胺的碱性) +I inductive effect pπ conjugate effect pπ conjugate effect Nop-π conjugate effect NH2 H3C一 NH pKb 9.42 8.92 3.36 碱性增强
19.3A Basicity of arylamines (芳香胺的碱性) pKb 9.42 8.92 3.36 碱 性 增 强 NH2 H3C NH2 NH p- conjugate effect No p- conjugate effect +I inductive effect p- conjugate effect