Virus General Properties of Viruses Virus have both an extracellular and an intracellular state. a virus is a submicroscopic particle containing nucleic acid surrounded by protein and occasionally containing other macromolecular components In this extracellular state, the virus particle, also called the virion, is metabolically inert and does not carry out respiratory or biosynthetic functions. The virion is the structure by which the virus genome is carried from the cell in which it has been produced to another cell where the viral nucleic acid can be introduced. In the intracellular state virus replication occurs: the virus genome is produced, and the components that make up the virus coat are synthesized When a virus genome is introduced into a host cell and reproduces, the process is called infection
Virus General Properties of Viruses Virus have both an extracellular and an intracellular state. A virus is a submicroscopic particle containing nucleic acid surrounded by protein and occasionally containing other macromolecular components. In this extracellular state, the virus particle, also called the virion, is metabolically inert and does not carry out respiratory or biosynthetic functions. The virion is the structure by which the virus genome is carried from the cell in which it has been produced to another cell where the viral nucleic acid can be introduced. In the intracellular state, virus replication occurs: the virus genome is produced, and the components that make up the virus coat are synthesized. When a virus genome is introduced into a host cell and reproduces, the process is called infection
General Properties of viruses viruses differ from living cells in at least three ways: (1)their simple, acellular organization (2)the absence of both dna and rna in the same virion 3)their inability to reproduce independently of cells and carry out cell division as prokaryotes and eukaryotes do
(1) their simple, acellular organization (2) the absence of both DNA and RNA in the same virion (3) their inability to reproduce independently of cells and carry out cell division as prokaryotes and eukaryotes do. viruses differ from living cells in at least three ways: General Properties of Viruses
lucleic Acid Type Nucleic Acid Structure Virus Examples Single-Stranded Linear single strand Parvoviruses Circular single strand oX174, M13, fd phage Double-Stranded Linear double strand Herpesviruses(herpes simplex viruses, stein-Barr virus) adenoviruses, T coliphages, lambda ph Linear double strand with single chain breaks T5 coliphage Double strand with cross-linked ends Vaccinia, smallpox QⅢ Closed circular double strand Polyomaviruses(SV-40), papillomaviruses, PM2 phage, cauliflower mosaic RNA Single-Stranded Linear, single stranded, positive strand Picornaviruses (polio, rhinoviruses), togaviruses RNA bacteriophages, TMV, and most plant viruses Linear, single stranded, negative strand Rhabdoviruses(rabies), paramyxoviruses Linear, single stranded, segmented, positive strand Brome mosaic virus (individual segments in separate virions Linear, single stranded, segmented, diploid Retroviruses(Rous sarcoma virus, human two identical single strands), positive strand Immuno deficiency vi Irus Linear, single stranded, segmented, negative strand Paramyxoviruses, orthomyxoviruses (influenza) Double-Stranded Linear, double stranded, segmented Reoviruses, wound- tumor virus of plants, toplasmic polyhedrosis virus of insects, phage 6, many mycoviruses Types of Viral Nucleic Acids
Types of Viral Nucleic Acids
SSDNA Caulimoviridae Caulimovirus Geminiviridae ②② SbCMV-like Mastrevirus &ese Nanovirus Diagrammatic dsRNA SSRNA(-) ssRNA (+ Bromoviridae Sequiviridae|③ Description of Tombusviridae Bunyaviridae Luteoviridae Bromovirus Reoviridae movin a Families and Phytoreovirus Oryzavirus Rhabdoviridae Umbravirus Cytorhabdovirus Tenuivirus 命自 Nucleorhabdovirus Ophiovirus Alfamovirus Comoviridae Idaeovirus 参念 SSRNA(RT) Genera of Pseudoviridae Tobamovirus Tobravir Virus that 命B自 Ourmiavirus a fuom Infect Plants Benyvirus RT Stands for Varicosavirus Calis,Tithovwu, wiu reverse Potyviridae ● LJ Closteroviridae 100nm transcriptase
A Diagrammatic Description of Families and Genera of Virus That Infect Plants. RT stands for reverse transcriptase
dsDNA SSDNA A Iridoviridae Circoviridae Poxviridae Asfarviridae Chordopoxvininae Lymphocystivirus Diagrammatic Parvoviridae dsDNA (RT) Parvoviridae Polyomaviridae Description of Hepadnaviridae Herpesviridae Papillomaviridae Adenoviridae the families dsRNA SSRNA () SSRNA(RT) and genera of Rhabdoviridae Retroviridae Reoviridae Orthomyxoviridae Viruses that Orthoreovirus Metavirus Aquareovirus @◎ Infect Paramyxoviridae Bornaviridae Arenaviridae Bunyaviridae Bunyavirus Ⅴ ertebrates.RT Nairovirus Birnaviridae Phlebovirus aquabirnavirus Filoviridae ssRNA(+) stand for ② Nodaviridae Caliciviridae HEV-like Betanodavirus Togaviridae reverse Picornaviridae 100nm Astroviridae Flaviviridae Coronaviridae Arteriviridae transcriptase
A Diagrammatic Description of the Families and Genera of Viruses That Infect Vertebrates. RT stand for reverse transcriptase