Chapter 1Introduction to Electronics1.1Signals1.2FrequencySpectrumofSignals1.3AnalogandDigitalSignals1.4Amplifiers1.5CircuitModelsforAmplifiers1.6FrequencyResponseofAmplifiers1.7Digital LogicInverters1.8CircuitSimulationUsingSPICE2025/11/27
2025/11/27 Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronics 1 1.1 Signals 1.2 Frequency Spectrum of Signals 1.3 Analog and Digital Signals 1.4 Amplifiers 1.5 Circuit Models for Amplifiers 1.6 Frequency Response of Amplifiers 1.7 Digital Logic Inverters 1.8 Circuit Simulation Using SPICE
21.1Signalsvs(t)ParametersTransducerElectricalin the real传感器/换能器signalworldTime,tRCi.(t)Rs0.(t).O(b) Norton form(a) Thevenin formSignalsources2025/11/27
2025/11/27 1.1 Signals Parameters in the real world Transducer 传感器/换能器 Electrical signal 𝑣𝑠 (𝑡) 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒,𝑡 (a) Thévenin form (b) Norton form 2 Signal sources
1.2 Time & Freguency-domain expression and spectrumSine-wave: temporally and spatially determined byAmplitude,Frequency/Period andPhaseo(rad/s)0oSine-wavevoltagesignalanditsspectrum2025/11/27
⚫ Sine-wave: temporally and spatially determined by Amplitude, Frequency/Period and Phase 2025/11/27 3 1.2 Time & Frequency-domain expression and spectrum Sine-wave voltage signal and its spectrum (rad/s) 0
1.2 Time & Freguency-domain expression and spectrumTime-varyingsignal in arbitraryformFT--sumof sine-waves.Vsin x>e.g. symmetrical square-wavev (sinxsin3x)311V(sin xsin3xsin5x)5YV(sin x += sin 3x +sin25x325+12025/11/27
2025/11/27 ⚫ Time-varying signal in arbitrary form→FT→sum of sine-waves. ➢e.g. symmetrical square-wave 𝑽𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝑽 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙) 𝑽(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓𝒙) 𝑽(𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝒙 + ⋯ + 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝟓𝒙) 4 1.2 Time & Frequency-domain expression and spectrum
1.2 Time & Freguency-domain expression and spectrumSine-waveisalways usedforanalysis,designandtesting.4VT14V4V7130050070oow (rad/s)Frequencyspectrumoftheperiodicsquarewave2025/11/27
2025/11/27 ⚫ Sine-wave is always used for analysis, design and testing. Frequency spectrum of the periodic square wave 5 1.2 Time & Frequency-domain expression and spectrum