ILLYRIA Black Sea Epidamnus THRACE Amphipolis Pella Sea of Marard 422当C MACEDONIA THASOS CHALCIDICE Cyzicus 410 ac Potidaea 432-430c 405 EPIRUS LEMNOS CORCYRA COIEYra 427 PINDUS MTS THESSALY Mytlane 428-427s PERSIAN LESBOS EMPIRE Arginusae Islands AETOLIA Aegean ANATOLIA Delphi BOEOTIA EUBOEA Sea● Naupactus ×20eum424ac "Sardis Thebes. CHIOS 429B ACHAEA Platae442四427ac ATTICA fonian Corinth'Megara Athens Ephesus! ARCADIA Sea Mantinea X Argos SAMOS 418ac AEGINA PELOPONNESUS MESSENTA DELOS .Sparta Halicarnassus。 Pylos× LLACONIA 425 Melos416ac*9。 MELOS Athens and allies RHODES Sparta and allies Sea o f C r e t e Neutral Greek states ×Major battles 50 100Km Major sieges of cities CRETE 0
Map: Athens vs Sparta: N-105
塔兰托 阿布德是 拜占庭定顺 加耳西顿 培拉● 埃利亚 西济斯 兰浦沙科 亚历山大时期的地中海东部地区 克罗托 莱斯伯斯 帕加马 ●阿克拉加斯 底比斯 以弗所 科林斯 叙拉古 迈锡尼代梯袄坻 %开俄斯 ●劳迪西亚 萨摩斯 米利都 。斯巴达 希拉0 克尼多斯 帕尔米拉● 克诺索斯 赫利奥波利斯 费斯托斯马利亚 ● 亚历山大 2飞N
I.Physico-philosophy 。Thales泰勒斯 。Anaksimenes阿那克西美尼 Heraclitus赫拉克利特 Pythagoras.毕达哥拉斯：Pythagorean theorem Pythagoras's philosophy:the all things are numbers; stressed the importance of form rather than matter in explaining material structure;the Golden Section ("Golden Ratio"-root-5 plus 1,all divided by two.)is said to bestow great elegance upon objects so constructed; the golden ratio number 1.618...is the most irrational... though personally Pythagoras favored whole numbers (integers). Demokritos德谟克利特：followed by Epicurus Parmenides巴门尼德：“being A
I. Physico-philosophy Thales泰勒斯 Anaksimenes阿那克西美尼 Heraclitus赫拉克利特 Pythagoras毕达哥拉斯: Pythagorean theorem Pythagoras's philosophy: the all things are numbers; stressed the importance of form rather than matter in explaining material structure; the Golden Section (“Golden Ratio” – root-5 plus 1, all divided by two.) is said to bestow great elegance upon objects so constructed; the golden ratio number 1.618... is the most irrational ... though personally Pythagoras favored whole numbers (integers). Demokritos德谟克利特 : followed by Epicurus Parmenides巴门尼德: “being
The beliefs that Pythagoras held The beliefs that Pythagoras held were: (1)that at its deepest level,reality is mathematical in nature, (2)that philosophy can be used for spiritual purification, (3)that the soul can rise to union with the divine, (4)that certain symbols have a mystical significance,and (5)that all brothers of the order should observe strict loyalty and secrecy
The beliefs that Pythagoras held The beliefs that Pythagoras held were: (1) that at its deepest level, reality is mathematical in nature, (2) that philosophy can be used for spiritual purification, (3) that the soul can rise to union with the divine, (4) that certain symbols have a mystical significance, and (5) that all brothers of the order should observe strict loyalty and secrecy
Numeral quality Pythagoras believed that all relations could be reduced to number relations. Pythagoras noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonious tones when the ratios of the lengths of the strings are whole numbers,and that these ratios could be extended to other instruments. He was a fine musician,playing the lyre,and he used music as a means to help those who were ill
Numeral quality Pythagoras believed that all relations could be reduced to number relations. Pythagoras noticed that vibrating strings produce harmonious tones when the ratios of the lengths of the strings are whole numbers, and that these ratios could be extended to other instruments. He was a fine musician, playing the lyre, and he used music as a means to help those who were ill