Syllabus for Thermal Physics Basic Information Title Thermal Physics Course# PHYS3102 Physics (normal) Category Maior Basic Audience International class Credits Hours Instructor SHL,Ziliang(石子亮) Revised 0ct.08,2021 Hugh D.Young and Roger A.Freedman.Sears and Zemansky's University Physics Textbook with Modern Physics (12 Edition),Pearson Education,Inc.and China Machine Press.2011 正. Goals and Objectives A.Overall goals Thermal Physics is a branch of physics that deals sith heat.wor and en thermodynam and mic /)Applications of thermod amics c epts to a variety y of vstems such a The course is a prerequisite to Statistical Plysics.which applies statistical methods to explain and predict the thermodynamic properties of a system. B.Objectives Objective 1:In the chapters relating to the topics such as kinetic theory of gas,heat engines,and the second law of therr storieso 0g1 will be shared.Their great efforts,devotions,and perseverance will stimulate the students'enthusiasm for learning science and encourage them to serve our country. Obiective 2:Thermal Phvsics is one of the first two courses of physics.by which the students should not only lear the knowledge of physic and feel the math tools but also lear m the methodology of phys designe ized models assumptions,theory and analyze,etc.Such trainings set up a foundation for their future study anc research. Objective 3:Show,as many as possible,examples that are closely related to daily life,so that. the students can learn how to use the knowledge of thermodynamics to solve practical problems Also,each student is asked to find and analyz n by himself and show the results in ora presentation.To develop the habit of,the students are
1 Syllabus for Thermal Physics I. Basic Information Title Thermal Physics Course # PHYS3102 Category Major Basic Audience Physics (normal) - International class Credits 3 Hours 36 Instructor SHI, Ziliang (石子亮) Revised Oct. 08, 2021 Textbook Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics (12th Edition)，Pearson Education, Inc. and China Machine Press，2011 II. Goals and Objectives A. Overall goals Thermal Physics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and energy possessed by matter. The course aims to provide students with: 1) Concepts of thermodynamics and basic statistical physics; 2) Methods of studying thermodynamic properties from both macroscopic thermodynamics laws and microscopic kinetic theories; 3) Links between the microscopic properties of individual atoms/molecules and the macroscopic properties of system formed from the atoms/molecules; 4) Applications of thermodynamics concepts to a variety of systems such as gases, engines and even human body; 5) Mathematical derivations of the fundamental thermodynamic relations. The course is a prerequisite to Statistical Physics, which applies statistical methods to explain and predict the thermodynamic properties of a system. B. Objectives Objective 1：In the chapters relating to the topics such as kinetic theory of gas , heat engines, and the second law of thermodynamics, stories of scientists and engineers of the older generation in developing theories and technologies will be shared. Their great efforts, devotions, and perseverance will stimulate the students’ enthusiasm for learning science and encourage them to serve our country. Objective 2：Thermal Physics is one of the first two courses of physics, by which the students should not only learn the knowledge of physics and feel the power of math tools, but also learn the methodology of physics, including observations, designed experiments, idealized models and assumptions, theory and analyze, etc. Such trainings set up a foundation for their future study and research. Objective 3：Show, as many as possible, examples that are closely related to daily life, so that, the students can learn how to use the knowledge of thermodynamics to solve practical problems. Also, each student is asked to find and analyze an actual thermal phenomenon by himself and show the results in an oral presentation. To develop the habit of self-education, the students are
asked to preview the context before class and moreover to study a few of sections (including ental cor epts,suchas temperatur the first law of thermodynamics and entropy,students are guided to think about the fundamentals of our universe and to feel the art of logic and reasoning.These deep discussions could motivate their interests in science and pursuit of truth.All-English teaching would improve their ability in communicating internationally and reading the scientific materials in English. C.Correlations-Objectives,graduation requirements,teaching contents Table 1:Correlations between course objectives,graduation requirements and teaching contents Objectives Teaching contents Graduation requirements Obiective 1 and statisti Requirements 3 Obiective 2 tools. Section 17. Objective 3 Heat Transfer"andSection 204 Refrigerators"are for 027ns21 self-taught. Contents of all cha including deep discussions or Objective4 the concepts of temperature,equation of state, Requirements 2-1 probability and entropy. to2-3,5,7,8 III.Teaching Contents Chapter 17 Temperature and Heat(Sears'book)
2 asked to preview the context before class and moreover to study a few of sections (including thermal expansion, heat transfer and refrigerator) by themselves. Objective 4：By discussions of the fundamental concepts, such as temperature, the first law of thermodynamics and entropy, students are guided to think about the fundamentals of our universe and to feel the art of logic and reasoning. These deep discussions could motivate their interests in science and pursuit of truth. All-English teaching would improve their ability in communicating internationally and reading the scientific materials in English. C. Correlations—Objectives, graduation requirements, teaching contents Table 1: Correlations between course objectives, graduation requirements and teaching contents III. Teaching Contents Chapter 17 Temperature and Heat (Sears’ book ) Objectives Teaching contents Graduation requirements Objective 1 Contents of all chapters. Examples include Chapter 17 Introduction (China’s contribution in thermodynamics and statistical physics), Chapter 18-20 Stories of scientists in developing theories of thermal physics. Requirements 3 Objective 2 Contents of All chapters, including Introduction of Calculus, Probability theory and other prerequisite math tools. Requirements 2-1 to 2-3, 3 Objective 3 Contents of All chapters, in which “Section 17.4 Thermal Expansion”, “Section 17.7 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer” and “Section 20.4 Refrigerators” are for self-taught. Requirements 2-1 to 2-3, 7, 8 Objective 4 Contents of All chapters, including deep discussions on the concepts of temperature, equation of state, probability and entropy. Requirements 2-1 to 2-3, 5, 7, 8
1.Teaching Objectives: Learn basic concepts ofphysics,thermal physics 2.Focus and/or Dificulties Find relations of Physics and other system and the concept of heat and phase of matters. understand the concept of temperature.the thermal 3.Main Contents: The first unit Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium The meaning of What do thermometers really measure The second unit:Thermometers and Temperature Scales How different types of thermometers function. The third unit GasThermometers and the Kelvin Scale The physics behind the absolute,or Kelvin,temperature scale The forth unit:Quantity of Heat The meaning of heat,and how it differs from temperature. The fifth unit:Calorimetry and Phase Changes How to do that involve heat flow,temperature changes,and changes of phase The sixth unit:Mechanisms of Heat Transfer How heat is transferred by conduction,convection,and radiation. The seventh unit:Phase of Matter What determines whether a substance is a gas,a liquid, Chapter 18 Thermal properties of matter(Sears'book) 1.Teaching Objectives: Leamn the description of a gas ina microscopic viewpoint 2.Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the Kinetic-Molecular Model of a gas;the use of Newton's mechanics to explain macroscopic variables of a gas. 3.Main Contents The first unit:Equations of State How to relate the pressure,volume,and temperature of a gas. The second unit:Molecular Properties of Matter The third unit:Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas How the pressure and temperature of a gas are related to the kinetic energy of its molecules. The forthnit:Heat Capacities
3 1. Teaching Objectives: Learn basic concepts of physics, thermal physics 2. Focus and/or Dificulties Find relations of Physics and other sciences; understand the concept of temperature, the thermal system and the concept of heat and phase of matters. 3. Main Contents: The first unit: Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium The meaning of thermal equilibrium; What do thermometers really measure. The second unit: Thermometers and Temperature Scales How different types of thermometers function. The third unit: Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale The physics behind the absolute, or Kelvin, temperature scale. The forth unit: Quantity of Heat The meaning of heat, and how it differs from temperature. The fifth unit: Calorimetry and Phase Changes How to do calculations that involve heat flow, temperature changes, and changes of phase. The sixth unit: Mechanisms of Heat Transfer How heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. The seventh unit: Phase of Matter What determines whether a substance is a gas, a liquid, or a solid. Chapter 18 Thermal properties of matter (Sears’ book) 1. Teaching Objectives: Learn the description of a gas in a microscopic viewpoint. 2. Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the Kinetic-Molecular Model of a gas; the use of Newton’s mechanics to explain macroscopic variables of a gas. 3. Main Contents: The first unit: Equations of State How to relate the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The second unit: Molecular Properties of Matter How the interactions between the molecules of a substance determine the properties of the substance. The third unit: Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas How the pressure and temperature of a gas are related to the kinetic energy of its molecules. The forth unit: Heat Capacities
ere non The fifth unit:Molecular Speeds and Speed Distribution The physical meaning of the speed distribution function:Lean to derive the three speeds average speed,RMS speed,and most probable speed. The sixth unit:Transportation Properties of Gases(Blundell's Book) Understand the macroscopic rules and the microscopic interpretation of the transport processes Chapter 19 The Ist law of Thermodynamics(Sears'book) 1.Teaching Obiectives: Learn the 1law of thermodynamics. 2.Focus and/or Dificulties 3.Main Contents: The first unit:Thermodynamic Systems How to represent heat transfer and work done in a thermodynamic process The second unit:Work Done During Volume Changes How to calculate the work done by a thermodynamic system when its volume changes The third unit:Paths Between Thermodynamic States What is meant by a path between thermodynamic states. The:Inteml Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics How to use the first law of thermodynamics to relate heat transfer,work done,and internal energy change. The fifth unit:Kinds of Thermodynamie Processes How to distinguish among adiabatic,isochoric,isobaric,and isothermal processes The sixth unit:Intemal Energy of an Ideal Gas How we know that the intemal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature. The seventh unit:Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas The difference between molar heat capacities at constant volume and at constant pressure How touse these quantities in calculations The eighth unit:Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas How to analyze adiabatic processes in an ideal gas. Chapter 20:The 2nd law of Thermodynamics(Sears'book) 1.Teaching Objectives: 4
4 How the heat capacities of a gas reveal whether its molecules are rotating or vibrating, and the derivation of heat capacity equations. The fifth unit: Molecular Speeds and Speed Distribution The physical meaning of the speed distribution function; Lean to derive the three speeds: average speed, RMS speed, and most probable speed. The sixth unit: Transportation Properties of Gases (Blundell’s Book) Understand the macroscopic rules and the microscopic interpretation of the transport processes. Chapter 19 The 1st law of Thermodynamics (Sears’ book) 1. Teaching Objectives: Learn the 1st law of thermodynamics. 2. Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the mechanism of energy conservation; Use the 1st law to calculate heat/work/internal energy change in thermal processes. 3. Main Contents: The first unit: Thermodynamic Systems How to represent heat transfer and work done in a thermodynamic process. The second unit: Work Done During Volume Changes How to calculate the work done by a thermodynamic system when its volume changes. The third unit: Paths Between Thermodynamic States What is meant by a path between thermodynamic states. The forth unit: Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics How to use the first law of thermodynamics to relate heat transfer, work done, and internal energy change. The fifth unit: Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes How to distinguish among adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric, and isothermal processes. The sixth unit: Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas How we know that the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature. The seventh unit: Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas The difference between molar heat capacities at constant volume and at constant pressure. How to use these quantities in calculations. The eighth unit: Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas How to analyze adiabatic processes in an ideal gas. Chapter 20: The 2nd law of Thermodynamics (Sears’ book) 1. Teaching Objectives:
Learn the 2 law,the concept of entropy and basic of statistical physics 2.Focus and/or Dificulties s Use both the Ist and 2nd law to calculate 3.Main Contents: The first unit:Directions of Thermodynamic Processes What determines whether a thermodynamic process is The second unit:Heat Engines What a heat engine is.How to calculate its efficiency. The third unit:Internal-Combustion Engines The physics of interal-combustion The forth unit:Refrigerators How refrigerators and heat engines are related:How to analyze the performance of a refrigerator. The fifth unit:The Second Law of Thermodynamics of thermodynamics sets limits on the efficiency of engines and the ator The sixth unit:The Carnot Cycle How to do calculations involving the idealized Camot cycle for engines and refrigerators. The seventh unit:Entropy What is meant by entropy,and how to use this concept to analyze thermodynamic processes The eighth unit:Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy Understand the Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy. Additional Section:Phase transitions(Chapter 28 of Blundell's Book) 1.Teaching Objectives: Learn the concept of phase of matters 2.Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the mechanism of phase transitions:Use thermodynamic laws to calculate macroscopic variables change in phase transitions. 3.Main Contents The first unit:Latent Heat (Review) Calculations of heat involving the latent heat in phase transition The second unit:Chemical Potential and Phase Changes Master the characteristics of gas-liquid phase transition The third unit:The Clausius-Clapeyronquation 5
5 Learn the 2nd law, the concept of entropy and basic of statistical physics. 2. Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the working mechanism of heat engines; Use both the 1st and 2nd law to calculate heat/work/internal energy/entropy/enthalpy change in thermal processes. 3. Main Contents: The first unit: Directions of Thermodynamic Processes What determines whether a thermodynamic process is reversible or irreversible. The second unit: Heat Engines What a heat engine is; How to calculate its efficiency. The third unit: Internal-Combustion Engines The physics of internal-combustion engines. The forth unit: Refrigerators How refrigerators and heat engines are related; How to analyze the performance of a refrigerator. The fifth unit: The Second Law of Thermodynamics How the second law of thermodynamics sets limits on the efficiency of engines and the performance of refrigerators. The sixth unit: The Carnot Cycle How to do calculations involving the idealized Carnot cycle for engines and refrigerators. The seventh unit: Entropy What is meant by entropy, and how to use this concept to analyze thermodynamic processes. The eighth unit: Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy Understand the Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy. Additional Section: Phase transitions (Chapter 28 of Blundell’s Book) 1. Teaching Objectives: Learn the concept of phase of matters. 2. Focus and/or Dificulties Understand the mechanism of phase transitions; Use thermodynamic laws to calculate macroscopic variables change in phase transitions. 3. Main Contents: The first unit: Latent Heat (Review) Calculations of heat involving the latent heat in phase transition. The second unit: Chemical Potential and Phase Changes Master the characteristics of gas-liquid phase transition. The third unit: The Clausius–Clapeyron equation