CMmi@seu.edu.cnSelectedTechnical Terms in Mechanics of Materials材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照(version 1.0, September 4, 2011)This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developedby Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at theSoutheast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementingbilingual teaching ofa series of undergraduateandgraduatemechanics courses hostedby the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We hadmade every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for thestudents'sake.We,however,makenoguaranteeoftheeffectsofusingthisfileGeometricpropertiesofanarea截面几何性质centroid形心centroidal axis形心轴first moment of an area 静矩momentofinertia;secondmomentofanarea惯性矩parallelaxistheorem平行移轴定理productsofinertia惯性积polarmomentofinertia极惯性矩radiusofgyration惯性半径compositearea组合截面principalcentroidalaxis主形心轴principalmomentof inertia主惯性矩principalmomentsof inertiaaboutcentroidalaxes主形心惯性矩Structuralmembers构件bar杆prismaticbars等截面直杆Page 1 of 14
CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 1 of 14 Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials 材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照 （version 1.0, September 4, 2011） This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developed by Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at the Southeast University. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementing bilingual teaching of a series of undergraduate and graduate mechanics courses hosted by the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We had made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this file for the students’ sake. We, however, make no guarantee of the effects of using this file. Geometric properties of an area 截面几何性质 centroid 形心 centroidal axis 形心轴 first moment of an area 静矩 moment of inertia; second moment of an area 惯性矩 parallel axis theorem 平行移轴定理 products of inertia 惯性积 polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩 radius of gyration 惯性半径 composite area组合截面 principal centroidal axis主形心轴 principal moment of inertia主惯性矩 principal moments of inertia about centroidal axes 主形心惯性矩 Structural members 构件 bar 杆 prismatic bars 等截面直杆
CMmi@seu.edu.cnshaft轴column柱（只受压缩）thin-walledtubes（闭口）薄壁杆thin-walledopentubes开口薄壁杆pressurevessel压力容器beam梁neutral surface中性层neutral axis 中性轴simplysupportedbeams简支梁cantileverbeams悬臂梁compositebeams复合梁overhangingbeams外伸梁continuousbeams连续梁fullystressedbeams;beamsofconstantstrength等强度梁beamsofvariablecrosssection变截面梁wide-flangebeams 工字梁web腹板flange翼缘fixed support,clamped support固定端pinsupport固定铰支座rollersupport可动铰支座curved beams 曲梁truss桁架frame刚架cross-section横截面oblique cross-sectionaxis轴线rigid joint刚性结点Page 2 of 14
CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 2 of 14 shaft 轴 column 柱（只受压缩） thin-walled tubes （闭口）薄壁杆 thin-walled open tubes 开口薄壁杆 pressure vessel 压力容器 beam 梁 neutral surface 中性层 neutral axis 中性轴 simply supported beams 简支梁 cantilever beams 悬臂梁 composite beams 复合梁 overhanging beams 外伸梁 continuous beams 连续梁 fully stressed beams; beams of constant strength 等强度梁 beams of variable cross section 变截面梁 wide-flange beams 工字梁 web 腹板 flange 翼缘 fixed support; clamped support 固定端 pin support 固定铰支座 roller support 可动铰支座 curved beams 曲梁 truss 桁架 frame 刚架 cross-section 横截面 oblique cross-section axis 轴线 rigid joint 刚性结点
CMmi@seu.edu.cnLoads荷载/载荷force力forcecouple力偶moment力矩momentofacouple力偶矩unitload单位力unitcouple单位力偶concentratedloads集中力distributed loads分布力intensityofdistributedloads分布力的集度surfaceforce面力bodyforce体积力static loads静载dynamicloads动载allowableloads许用荷载reaction反作用力internal forces内力axialforce轴力shearforce剪力Stress，StrainandDeformation应力、应变及变形normalstress正应力nominalstress名义应力truestress真实应力averagestress平均应力maximumstress最大应力minimumstress最小应力allowablestress许用应力shearstress剪切应力Page 3 of 14
CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 3 of 14 Loads 荷载/载荷 force 力 force couple 力偶 moment 力矩 moment of a couple 力偶矩 unit load 单位力 unit couple 单位力偶 concentrated loads 集中力 distributed loads 分布力 intensity of distributed loads 分布力的集度 surface force 面力 body force 体积力 static loads 静载 dynamic loads 动载 allowable loads 许用荷载 reaction 反作用力 internal forces 内力 axial force 轴力 shear force 剪力 Stress, Strain and Deformation 应力、应变及变形 normal stress 正应力 nominal stress 名义应力 true stress 真实应力 average stress 平均应力 maximum stress 最大应力 minimum stress 最小应力 allowable stress 许用应力 shear stress 剪切应力
CMmi@seu.edu.cnpureshear纯剪切normal strain正应变nominal strain名义应变truestrain真实应变shearstrain切应变deformation变形displacement位移deflection挠曲CommonTermsinMechanicsofDeformableBodies可变形体力学常用术语mechanicsofmaterials材料力学strengthofmaterials材料力学mechanicsofdeformablebodies变形体力学strength强度stiffness刚度stability稳定性homogeneity/homogeneous均质/匀质的continuity/continuous连续性/连续的isotropy/isotropic各向同性/各向同性的infinitesimal elasticdeformation微小弹性变形elasticity弹性elasticdeformation弹性变形linearlyelasticbody线性弹性体mechanical properties力学性质plasticity塑性elastoplasticmaterials弹塑性材料tension拉伸compress压缩shearing剪切Page 4 of 14
CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 4 of 14 pure shear 纯剪切 normal strain 正应变 nominal strain 名义应变 true strain 真实应变 shear strain 切应变 deformation 变形 displacement 位移 deflection 挠曲 Common Terms in Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 可变形体力学常用术语 mechanics of materials 材料力学 strength of materials 材料力学 mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学 strength 强度 stiffness 刚度 stability 稳定性 homogeneity/homogeneous 均质/匀质的 continuity/continuous 连续性/连续的 isotropy/isotropic 各向同性/各向同性的 infinitesimal elastic deformation 微小弹性变形 elasticity 弹性 elastic deformation 弹性变形 linearly elastic body 线性弹性体 mechanical properties 力学性质 plasticity 塑性 elastoplastic materials 弹塑性材料 tension 拉伸 compress 压缩 shearing 剪切
CMmi@seu.edu.cntorsion扭转bending弯曲buckling失稳allowableloadmethod许用荷载法allowablestress许用应力allowablestressmethod许用应力法methodof safetyfactor安全系数法methodofdiscountfactor折扣系数法factorofsafety安全系数stressconcentrationfactor应力集中因数residualstress/initialstress/prestress残余应力初应力，预应力stressdistribution应力分布equationofequilibrium平衡方程methodof sections截面法OtherMechanicalTerms其它力学术语dimensionlessquantities无量纲量compositematerial复合材料specimen试件elastic-perfectlyplasticassumption理想弹塑性假设plastichinge塑性铰Axial Loading轴向荷载axiallyloadedbars拉压杆，轴向承载杆axialtension轴向拉伸axialcompression轴向压缩axialforces轴向力internalforces内力method of section截面法Page 5 of 14
CM mi@seu.edu.cn Page 5 of 14 torsion 扭转 bending 弯曲 buckling 失稳 allowable load method 许用荷载法 allowable stress 许用应力 allowable stress method 许用应力法 method of safety factor 安全系数法 method of discount factor 折扣系数法 factor of safety 安全系数 stress concentration factor 应力集中因数 residual stress / initial stress / prestress 残余应力初应力，预应力 stress distribution 应力分布 equation of equilibrium 平衡方程 method of sections 截面法 Other Mechanical Terms 其它力学术语 dimensionless quantities 无量纲量 composite material 复合材料 specimen 试件 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption 理想弹塑性假设 plastic hinge 塑性铰 Axial Loading 轴向荷载 axially loaded bars 拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axial tension 轴向拉伸 axial compression 轴向压缩 axial forces 轴向力 internal forces 内力 method of section 截面法