SEVENTHEDITIONMECHANICSOF MATERIALSJAMESM.GEREBARRYJ.GOODNO
CONVERSIONSBETWEENU.S.CUSTOMARYUNITSANDSIUNITSTimes conversionfactorU.S. Customary unitEquals SI unitAccuratePracticalAcceleration (linear)fi/s2m/s20.3048*0.305foot per second squaredmeter per second squaredin./s?2m/s20.0254*0.0254meter per second squaredinchpersecondsquaredAreaff2m20.09290304*squarefoot0.0929square meterin.2mm?645.16*645 square inchsquare millimeterDensity (mass)kg/m3slug/ft3515515.379slugper cubicfootkilogrampercubicmeterDensity (weight)Ib/ft3N/m3157157.087pound per cubic footnewton per cubic meterIb/in.3271271.447pound per cubic inchkilonewton per cubickN/m3meterEnergy: workJft-lb1.355821.36foot-poundjoule (N-m)Jin.-Ib0.1129850.113inch-poundjouleMJ3.6*3.6kilowatt-hourkWhmegajouleJ1055British thermal unitBtu1055.06jouleForce1bnewton (kg'm/s3)Npound4.448224.45k4.45kN4.44822kip (1000 pounds)kilonewtonForce per unit length1b/ft14.614.5939N/mpound per footnewtonpermeter175pound per inchIb/in.175.127N/mnewton permeterk/ftkip per foot14.593914.6kN/mkilonewton per meter175k/in.175.127kN/mkip per inchkilonewtonpermeterLengthft0.3048*0.305footmeterm25.4*inchin.25.4millimetermmmi1.609344*1.61milekilometerkmMass1b-s°/ft14.6kgslug14.5939kilogramMomentofaforce; torqueIb-ft1.355821.36Nmpound-footnewton meterIb-in.0.113 pound-inch0.112985N-mnewton meterk-ft1.36kip-foot1.35582kN-mkilonewton meter0.113kip-inchk-in.0.112985kN-mkilonewton meter
CONVERSIONS BETWEEN U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS AND SI UNITS Times conversion factor U.S. Customary unit Accurate Practical Equals SI unit Acceleration (linear) foot per second squared ft/s2 0.3048* 0.305 meter per second squared m/s2 inch per second squared in./s2 0.0254* 0.0254 meter per second squared m/s2 Area square foot ft2 0.09290304* 0.0929 square meter m2 square inch in.2 645.16* 645 square millimeter mm2 Density (mass) slug per cubic foot slug/ft3 515.379 515 kilogram per cubic meter kg/m3 Density (weight) pound per cubic foot lb/ft3 157.087 157 newton per cubic meter N/m3 pound per cubic inch lb/in.3 271.447 271 kilonewton per cubic meter kN/m3 Energy; work foot-pound ft-lb 1.35582 1.36 joule (Nm) J inch-pound in.-lb 0.112985 0.113 joule J kilowatt-hour kWh 3.6* 3.6 megajoule MJ British thermal unit Btu 1055.06 1055 joule J Force pound lb 4.44822 4.45 newton (kgm/s2 ) N kip (1000 pounds) k 4.44822 4.45 kilonewton kN Force per unit length pound per foot lb/ft 14.5939 14.6 newton per meter N/m pound per inch lb/in. 175.127 175 newton per meter N/m kip per foot k/ft 14.5939 14.6 kilonewton per meter kN/m kip per inch k/in. 175.127 175 kilonewton per meter kN/m Length foot ft 0.3048* 0.305 meter m inch in. 25.4* 25.4 millimeter mm mile mi 1.609344* 1.61 kilometer km Mass slug lb-s2 /ft 14.5939 14.6 kilogram kg Moment of a force; torque pound-foot lb-ft 1.35582 1.36 newton meter N·m pound-inch lb-in. 0.112985 0.113 newton meter N·m kip-foot k-ft 1.35582 1.36 kilonewton meter kN·m kip-inch k-in. 0.112985 0.113 kilonewton meter kN·m
CONVERSIONSBETWEENU.S.CUSTOMARYUNITSANDSIUNITS(COntinued)TimesconversionfactorU.S. Customary unitEquals SI unitPracticalAccurateMoment of inertia (area)in.4416,231416,000inch tofourth powermillimeter to fourthmmpowerin.40.416231×10-60.416×10-6m4inch to fourth powermeter to fourth powerMoment of inertia (mass)slug-f?kg-m?1.355821.36slug foot squaredkilogram meter squaredPowerW1.36ft-1b/s1.35582foot-pound per secondwatt (J/s or N-m/s)w0.0226ft-Ib/min0.0225970wattfoot-pound per minuteWhp745.701746horsepower (550 ft-Ib/s)wattPressure; stresspascal (N/m3)psf47.9Pa47.8803pound per square footPapsi6894.766890pascalpound per square inchksf47.947.8803kilopascalkPakip per square footksi6.894766.89MPakip per square inchmegapascalSection modulusin.3mm16,40016,387.1inch tothird powermillimetertothird powerin. 316.3871 ×10~6m316.4 × 10~6inch to third powermeter to third powerVelocity (linear)ft/s0.3048*0.305m/sfoot per secondmeter per second0.0254*in./s0.0254m/sinch per secondmeter per second0.44704*mph0.447m/smile per hourmeter per second1.609344*1.61 km/h mile per hourmphkilometer per hourVolumem3ftcubicfoot0.02831680.0283cubic meterin.3m316.3871 × 10-616.4×10-6cubic inchcubic meterin.3cm316.4cubic inch16.3871cubic centimeter (cc)gallon (231 in.3)3.79Lgal.3.78541literm3gal.0.003785410.00379gallon (231 in.3)cubic meter*AnasteriskdenotesanexactconversionfactorNote:ToconvertfromSI unitstoUSCS units,dividebytheconversionfactorS(7(°F) - 32] = T(K) 273.15TemperatureConversionFormulasT(°C) =9 -2+21- 2T(K) = 9T(K)459.67T(C) +32 =T(°F) =55
Temperature Conversion Formulas T(°C) 5 9 [T(°F) 32] T(K) 273.15 T(K) 5 9 [T(°F) 32] 273.15 T(°C) 273.15 T(°F) 9 5 T(°C) 32 9 5 T(K) 459.67 CONVERSIONS BETWEEN U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS AND SI UNITS (Continued) Times conversion factor U.S. Customary unit Accurate Practical Equals SI unit Moment of inertia (area) inch to fourth power in.4 416,231 416,000 millimeter to fourth power mm4 inch to fourth power in.4 0.416231 106 0.416 106 meter to fourth power m4 Moment of inertia (mass) slug foot squared slug-ft2 1.35582 1.36 kilogram meter squared kg·m2 Power foot-pound per second ft-lb/s 1.35582 1.36 watt (J/s or N·m/s) W foot-pound per minute ft-lb/min 0.0225970 0.0226 watt W horsepower (550 ft-lb/s) hp 745.701 746 watt W Pressure; stress pound per square foot psf 47.8803 47.9 pascal (N/m2 ) Pa pound per square inch psi 6894.76 6890 pascal Pa kip per square foot ksf 47.8803 47.9 kilopascal kPa kip per square inch ksi 6.89476 6.89 megapascal MPa Section modulus inch to third power in.3 16,387.1 16,400 millimeter to third power mm3 inch to third power in.3 16.3871 106 16.4 106 meter to third power m3 Velocity (linear) foot per second ft/s 0.3048* 0.305 meter per second m/s inch per second in./s 0.0254* 0.0254 meter per second m/s mile per hour mph 0.44704* 0.447 meter per second m/s mile per hour mph 1.609344* 1.61 kilometer per hour km/h Volume cubic foot ft3 0.0283168 0.0283 cubic meter m3 cubic inch in.3 16.3871 106 16.4 106 cubic meter m3 cubic inch in.3 16.3871 16.4 cubic centimeter (cc) cm3 gallon (231 in.3 ) gal. 3.78541 3.79 liter L gallon (231 in.3 ) gal. 0.00378541 0.00379 cubic meter m3 *An asterisk denotes an exact conversion factor Note: To convert from SI units to USCS units, divide by the conversion factor
MechanicsofMaterialsSEVENTH EDITIONJamesM.GereProfessorEmeritus,StanfordUniversityBarryJ.GoodnoGeorgia InstituteofTechnologyCENGAGELearningAustralia · Brazil - Japan · Korea · Mexico · Singapore + Spain · United Kingdom - United States
Mechanics of Materials SEVENTH EDITION James M. Gere Professor Emeritus, Stanford University Barry J. Goodno Georgia Institute of Technology Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
1CENGAGELearning2009 Cengage LearningMechanics of Materials, Seventh EditionJames M. Gere and Barry J. GoodnoALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may bereproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic,Director, Global Engineering Program: Chris Carsonor mechanical,including but not limited to photocopying,recording,scanning, digitizing,Senior Developmental Editor: Hilda Gowanstaping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrievalPermissions: Nicola Winstanleysystems,except as permitted under Section107or108of the1976 United StatesCopyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher.Production Service: RPK Editorial Services, IncCopy Editor:RoseKernanFor product information and technology assistance, contact us atProofreader: Martha McMasterCengage Learning Customer & Sales Support,1-800-354-9706Indexer: Shelly Gerger-KnechtiFor permission to use material from this text or product,submit all requests online atCreative Director: Angela Cluercengage.com/permissionsFurther permissions questions can be emailed toText Designer: Peter Papayanakispermissionrequest@cengage.comCover Designer: Andrew AdamsCover Image: Guggenheim Bilbao Photo@graficart.net/Alamy,Library of Congress Control Number:2008923451Lee Chin Crystal Building Photo Courtesy of AlanISBN-13: 978-0-534-55397-5Marsh/First LightISBN-10: 0-534-55397-4Compositor: IntegraPrinter: Quebecor WorldCengage Learning1120Birchmount RoadTorontoONM1K5G4CanadaCengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with officelocations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, MexicoBrazil,and Japan.Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/regionCengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education Ltd.For your course and learning solutions, visit academic.cengage.comPurchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online storewww.ichapters.comPrinted in the United States of America1234567111009.08
Mechanics of Materials, Seventh Edition James M. Gere and Barry J. Goodno Director, Global Engineering Program: Chris Carson Senior Developmental Editor: Hilda Gowans Permissions: Nicola Winstanley Production Service: RPK Editorial Services, Inc Copy Editor: Rose Kernan Proofreader: Martha McMaster Indexer: Shelly Gerger-Knechtl Creative Director: Angela Cluer Text Designer: Peter Papayanakis Cover Designer: Andrew Adams Cover Image: Guggenheim Bilbao Photo © graficart.net/Alamy; Lee Chin Crystal Building Photo Courtesy of Alan Marsh/First Light Compositor: Integra Printer: Quebecor World © 2009 Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be emailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923451 ISBN-13: 978-0-534-55397-5 ISBN-10: 0-534-55397-4 Cengage Learning 1120 Birchmount Road Toronto ON M1K 5G4 Canada Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education Ltd. For your course and learning solutions, visit academic.cengage.com Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 08