间③甾醇类物质 由磷脂分子形成的双分子膜中加入甾醇类物质可以提高膜的稳定性、调节其流动性 Site for ester bond-> HO C-H2C、 Cholesterol membrane CH2 H2C CH2 H2C Phospholipid Cholesterol Globular protein cl 是其细胞 CH3 CH3 些菌 可帕烷) Formula for Cholesterol Figure 2. 19 c
③甾醇类物质 由磷脂分子形成的双分子膜中加入甾醇类物质可以提高膜的稳定性、调节其流动性 真核生物细胞膜中一般含有胆 固醇等甾醇，含量为5%-25%。 原核生物与真核生物的最大区别就是其细胞 膜中一般不含甾醇，如胆固醇，但是一些菌 含有hopanoid（藿烷类化合物或类何帕烷 ） 5C环。 甾醇的一般结构，4C环 6
间⑧甾醇类物质 BOx 3.2 Hopanoid藿烷类分子,其作用被认为也是稳定细胞膜的结构,也是石油和煤中 常见的生物标志物。 90%的化石燃料的前体物质是 kerogen(油原,或称油母岩质)同 igure 3. 6b) was isolated our supply of fossil fuels largely to Kerogen中细菌特有的 hopanoid类藿烷分子占有很高的比例 graders of the organic materal it e earth It has been estimated that the total mass of hopanoids in sedi Kerogen是由于细菌的活动而形成 ments is around 10-12 tons, about as much as the total mass of or rial in ganic carbon in all living organisms (10 tons). Hopanoids may be 在地下沉积物中细菌特有的 hopanoid类物质的含量高达101-12吨,与目前地球上 存在的活的生物( iving organisms)体内含有的有机碳的含量总和相当。 hopanoid=被认为是地球上含量最丰富的生物分子 iopanoic
③甾醇类物质 Hopanoid 藿烷类分子，其作用被认为也是稳定细胞膜的结构，也是石油和煤中 常见的生物标志物。 90%的化石燃料的前体物质是kerogen（油原，或称油母岩质） Kerogen中细菌特有的hopanoid类藿烷分子占有很高的比例 Kerogen是由于细菌的活动而形成 在地下沉积物中细菌特有的hopanoid类物质的含量高达1011-12吨，与目前地球上 存在的活的生物（living organisms）体内含有的有机碳的含量总和相当。 hopanoid被认为是地球上含量最丰富的生物分子
Molecular Evolution of Biomembranes: Struetural Equivalents and Phylogenetic Precursors of Sterols Author(s): Michel Rohmer. Pierrette Bouvier. Guy Ourisson Vol 76, No. 2(Feb, 1979), pp. 817-bs, ademy or Scienees of the United States of America, Souree: Proceedings of the National Acad Published by: National Academy of Sciences Table 1. Distribution of hopanoids in prokaryotes* A Hopanoids present(102-10 ppm, bacteriohopane polyols usually preponderant F116检测到 Hopanoid藿烷类分子的原核生物: h某蓝细菌:念珠蓝细菌属,鱼腥藻蓝细菌属; 9 species); Gram-positive Bacillus acide 4非紫硫细菌属,甲基营养菌等 B Hopanoids not detected(<10 ppm) Cyanobacteria: Synechococcus sp, Spirulina sp Purple sulfur bacteria: Chromatium sp, Amoebobacter sp. Thiocapsa sp Green sulfur bacteria: Chlorobium (2 strains) Archaebacteria: Halobacterium cutirubrum Methanobacterium thermoautotrophict尚未检测到 Hopanoid藿烷类分子的原核生物 M某些蓝细菌:聚球蓝细菌属、螺旋蓝细菌属; 四Ewc四紫硫细菌属,绿硫细菌属; brasiliensis 古生菌等 The strains studied are all defined by a proper collection number(available on request)and will be described in a later publication, together with extraction procedures and quantitative data. Unless indicated otherwise they are gram nega tive t Grown anaerobically; the others are grown aerobically
检测到Hopanoid藿烷类分子的原核生物： 某些蓝细菌：念珠蓝细菌属、鱼腥藻蓝细菌属； 非紫硫细菌属，甲基营养菌等 8 尚未检测到Hopanoid藿烷类分子的原核生物： 某些蓝细菌：聚球蓝细菌属、螺旋蓝细菌属； 紫硫细菌属，绿硫细菌属； 古生菌等
文件)编辑①)查看收意)工具)帮助a 0后次收夹③·回 地址创)P:ersC数学备课\1209备课备课本第3 STerols4 -Hopanoids and related1ids- Structure, occurrence,biochenistry and analysis.ht 长轴入天牌字直接搜转到链接 Google 文件的内容会通过安全连接发送给000进行翻译。了解详当 The Lipid Library 作用:改善细菌的细胞膜的强度和刚度 ite is located Home m:存在于一些G菌的细胞膜和外膜,以及蓝细菌 叫的类囊体膜。 e formation of twe ring structure About lipids 知叫产藿烷类似物的细菌生长时需要藿烷类似物, donor. The nNe-carbon side-chain in Fatty acids and e reactons elena 体mm叫当抑制藿烷类似物合成时,会显著、选择性地 omplex glycerolipids 抑制该菌的生长。(与其他细菌相比) r functions to those of glycolipids in eukaryote in eukaryotic organisms. For example, in Frankia species, most of the lipids in the membrane barrier that prevents diffusion of oxygen into the nrtrogen-finng e hopanoids. Hopanoids hawe been located in the plasma membrane and outer membranes of Gram- negatve bacteria, and In the outer membrane and thylakoid membrane rom abograp hyre、HPLC It is apparent that hopanoids are essential or gun selectively in comparison with other The C30 hopanoids are believed to have very similar functions to those of sterols in the with their complex lipid components to increase the degree of order or rigidity They all cting membranes of animals and plants in that they modulate the fluidity of membranes by inter important in adjusting membrane permeability, including the diffusion of oxygen, and in adaptation to extreme conditions Hopanoids have been located in the plasma membrane and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, and in the outer membrane and thy lakoid membrane of cyanobacteria It is apparent that hopanoids are essential for growth in hopanoid-producing organisms as inhibition of hopanoid biosynthesis limits their growth markedly and selectively in comparison with other bacteria
The C30 hopanoids are believed to have very similar functions to those of sterols in the membranes of animals and plants in that they modulate the fluidity of membranes by interacting with their complex lipid components to increase the degree of order or rigidity. They are important in adjusting membrane permeability, including the diffusion of oxygen, and in adaptation to extreme conditions. Hopanoids have been located in the plasma membrane and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, and in the outer membrane and thylakoid membrane of cyanobacteria. It is apparent that hopanoids are essential for growth in hopanoid-producing organisms as inhibition of hopanoid biosynthesislimits their growth markedly and selectively in comparison with other bacteria. 9 作用：改善细菌的细胞膜的强度和刚度。 存在于一些G-菌的细胞膜和外膜，以及蓝细菌 的类囊体膜。 产藿烷类似物的细菌生长时需要藿烷类似物， 当抑制藿烷类似物合成时，会显著、选择性地 抑制该菌的生长。（与其他细菌相比）
间原核生物都不含有甾醇吗? 缺乏细胞壁的原核生物—枝原体( Mycoplasma)则属例外。 在其细胞膜上因含有甾醇而增强了坚韧性,故在一定程度上弥补了因缺壁而 带来的不足 支原体中的甾醇与一般细菌细胞膜中的 hopanoid有何差别? 大多数支原体都是致病菌;有寄生性。 ≯支原体细胞膜中的甾醇(4C环)并非自己合成而主要来自真核生物;不 应该是 hopanoid(5C环) 对真核生物有效的多烯类抗生素可作用于支原体而对原核生物无效; 细菌细胞膜中的 hopanoid是自己合成的,其中有些类型可以部分代替 真核来源的甾醇支持支原体的生长; 10
支原体中的甾醇与一般细菌细胞膜中的hopanoid有何差别？ 缺乏细胞壁的原核生物——枝原体（Mycoplasma）则属例外。 在其细胞膜上因含有甾醇而增强了坚韧性，故在一定程度上弥补了因缺壁而 带来的不足。 ➢大多数支原体都是致病菌；有寄生性。 ➢支原体细胞膜中的甾醇(4 C环 )并非自己合成而主要来自真核生物；不 应该是hopanoid (5C环); ➢对真核生物有效的多烯类抗生素可作用于支原体而对原核生物无效； ➢ 细菌细胞膜中的hopanoid是自己合成的，其中有些类型可以部分代替 真核来源的甾醇支持支原体的生长； 10 原核生物都不含有甾醇吗？