PLANAR ELEMENTS Concert Hall (Project).1942. Mies van der Rohe Interior wall planes govern the size and shape of the internal spaces or rooms As a design element,a wall plane can merge with the floor or ceiling plane,or be within a building.Their visual properties.their relationship to one another,and articulated as an element isolated from adjacent planes.It can be treated as a the size and distribution of openings within their boundaries determine both passive or receding backdrop for other elements in the space,or it can assert the quality of the spaces they define and the degree to which adjoining spaces itself as a visually active element within a room by virtue of its form,color. relate to one another. texture.or material. While walls provide privacy for interior spaces and serve as barriers that limit our movement,doorways and windows reestablish continuity with neighboring spaces and allow the passage of light,heat,and sound.As they increase in size. these openings begin to erode the natural sense of enclosure walls provide. Views seen through the openings become part of the spatial experience. Finnish Pavilion.New York World's Fair.1939.Alvar Aalto 24/ARCHITECTURE:FORM,SPACE,ORDER
24 / ARCHITECTURE: FORM, SPACE, & ORDER Interior wall planes govern the size and shape of the internal spaces or rooms within a building. Their visual properties, their relationship to one another, and the size and distribution of openings within their boundaries determine both the quality of the spaces they define and the degree to which adjoining spaces relate to one another. As a design element, a wall plane can merge with the floor or ceiling plane, or be articulated as an element isolated from adjacent planes. It can be treated as a passive or receding backdrop for other elements in the space, or it can assert itself as a visually active element within a room by virtue of its form, color, texture, or material. While walls provide privacy for interior spaces and serve as barriers that limit our movement, doorways and windows reestablish continuity with neighboring spaces and allow the passage of light, heat, and sound. As they increase in size, these openings begin to erode the natural sense of enclosure walls provide. Views seen through the openings become part of the spatial experience. $PODFSU)BMM (Project), 1942, Mies van der Rohe 'JOOJTI1BWJMJPO, New York World’s Fair, 1939, Alvar Aalto PLANAR ELEMENTS
PLANAR ELEMENTS Hangar,Design I,1935,Pier Luigi Nervi. The lamella structure expresses the way forces are resolved and channeled down to the roof supports. Brick House,New Canaan,Connecticut,1949,Philip Johnson.The detached vaulted ceiling plane appears to float above the bed. While we walk on a floor and have physical contact with walls,the ceiling plane As a detached lining.the ceiling plane can symbolize the sky vault or be the is usually out of our reach and is almost always a purely visual event in a primary sheltering element that unifies the different parts of a space.It can space.It may be the underside of an overhead floor or roof plane and express serve as a repository for frescoes and other means of artistic expression or the form of its structure as it spans the space between its supports.or it be treated simply as a passive or receding surface.It can be raised or lowered may be suspended as the upper enclosing surface of a room or hall. to alter the scale of a space or to define spatial zones within a room.Its form can be manipulated to control the quality of light or sound within a space. Church at Vuoksenniska.Imatra.Finland.1956.Alvar Aalto. The form of the ceiling plane defines a progression of spaces and enhances their acoustical quality. PRIMARY ELEMENTS /25
PRIMARY ELEMENTS / 25 While we walk on a floor and have physical contact with walls, the ceiling plane is usually out of our reach and is almost always a purely visual event in a space. It may be the underside of an overhead floor or roof plane and express the form of its structure as it spans the space between its supports, or it may be suspended as the upper enclosing surface of a room or hall. As a detached lining, the ceiling plane can symbolize the sky vault or be the primary sheltering element that unifies the different parts of a space. It can serve as a repository for frescoes and other means of artistic expression or be treated simply as a passive or receding surface. It can be raised or lowered to alter the scale of a space or to define spatial zones within a room. Its form can be manipulated to control the quality of light or sound within a space. )BOHBS %FTJHO*, 1935, Pier Luigi Nervi. The lamella structure expresses the way forces are resolved and channeled down to the roof supports. $IVSDIBU7VPLTFOOJTLB, Imatra, Finland, 1956, Alvar Aalto. The form of the ceiling plane defines a progression of spaces and enhances their acoustical quality. #SJDL)PVTF, New Canaan, Connecticut, 1949, Philip Johnson. The detached vaulted ceiling plane appears to float above the bed. PLANAR ELEMENTS
PLANAR ELEMENTS The roof plane is the essential sheltering element that protects the interior of a building from the climatic elements.The form and geometry of its structure is established by the manner in which it spans across space to bear on its supports and slopes to shed rain and melting snow.As a design element,the roof plane is significant because of the impact it can have on the form and silhouette of a building within its setting. Dolmen,a prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright The roof plane can be hidden from view by the exterior walls of a stones supporting a horizontal stone slab,found especially in Britain and building or merge with the walls to emphasize the volume of the France and usually regarded as a burial place for an important person. building mass.It can be expressed as a single sheltering form that encompasses a variety of spaces beneath its canopy.or comprise a number of hats that articulate a series of spaces within a single building. A roof plane can extend outward to form overhangs that shield door and window openings from sun or rain,or continue downward further still to relate itself more closely to the ground plane.In warm climates,it can be elevated to allow cooling breezes to flow Robie House.Chicago,1909,Frank Lloyd Wright. across and through the interior spaces of a building. The low sloping roof planes and broad overhangs are characteristic of the Prairie School of Architecture. Shodhan House.Ahmedabad.India.1956.Le Corbusier. A grid of columns elevates the reinforced concrete roof slab above the main volume of the house. 26/ARCHITECTURE:FORM,SPACE,ORDER
26 / ARCHITECTURE: FORM, SPACE, & ORDER The roof plane is the essential sheltering element that protects the interior of a building from the climatic elements. The form and geometry of its structure is established by the manner in which it spans across space to bear on its supports and slopes to shed rain and melting snow. As a design element, the roof plane is significant because of the impact it can have on the form and silhouette of a building within its setting. The roof plane can be hidden from view by the exterior walls of a building or merge with the walls to emphasize the volume of the building mass. It can be expressed as a single sheltering form that encompasses a variety of spaces beneath its canopy, or comprise a number of hats that articulate a series of spaces within a single building. A roof plane can extend outward to form overhangs that shield door and window openings from sun or rain, or continue downward further still to relate itself more closely to the ground plane. In warm climates, it can be elevated to allow cooling breezes to flow across and through the interior spaces of a building. Dolmen, a prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab, found especially in Britain and France and usually regarded as a burial place for an important person. 3PCJF)PVTF, Chicago,1909, Frank Lloyd Wright. The low sloping roof planes and broad overhangs are characteristic of the Prairie School of Architecture. 4IPEIBO)PVTF, Ahmedabad, India, 1956, Le Corbusier. A grid of columns elevates the reinforced concrete roof slab above the main volume of the house. PLANAR ELEMENTS
PLANAR ELEMENTS Fallingwater(Kaufmann House).near Ohiopyle,Pennsylvania.1936-1937, Frank Lloyd Wright. Reinforced concrete slabs express the horizontality of the floor and roof planes as they cantilever outward from a central vertical core. The overall form of a building can be endowed with a distinctly planar quality by carefully introducing openings that expose the edges of vertical and horizontal planes.These planes can be further differentiated and accentuated by changes in color,texture.or material. Schroder House,Utrecht,1924-1925,Gerrit Thomas Rietveld. Asymmetrical compositions of simple rectangular forms and primary colors characterized the de Stiil School of Art and Architecture. PRIMARY ELEMENTS /27
PRIMARY ELEMENTS / 27 The overall form of a building can be endowed with a distinctly planar quality by carefully introducing openings that expose the edges of vertical and horizontal planes. These planes can be further differentiated and accentuated by changes in color, texture, or material. 'BMMJOHXBUFS ,BVGNBOO)PVTF , near Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania ,1936–1937, Frank Lloyd Wright. Reinforced concrete slabs express the horizontality of the floor and roof planes as they cantilever outward from a central vertical core. 4DISÚEFS)PVTF, Utrecht, 1924–1925, Gerrit Thomas Rietveld. Asymmetrical compositions of simple rectangular forms and primary colors characterized the de Stijl School of Art and Architecture. PLANAR ELEMENTS
VOLUME A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction becomes a volume.Conceptually.a volume has three dimensions:length,width,and depth. All volumes can be analyzed and understood to consist of. points or vertices where several planes come together lines or edges where two planes meet planes or surfaces that define the limits or boundaries of a volume Form is the primary identifying characteristic of a volume.It is established by the shapes and interrelationships of the planes that describe the boundaries of the volume. As the three-dimensional element in the vocabulary of architectural design,a volume can be either a solid-space displaced by mass-or a void-space contained or enclosed by planes. 28/ARCHITECTURE:FORM,SPACE,ORDER
28 / ARCHITECTURE: FORM, SPACE, & ORDER A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction becomes a volume. Conceptually, a volume has three dimensions: length, width, and depth. All volumes can be analyzed and understood to consist of: t QPJOUTPSWFSUJDFTXIFSFTFWFSBMQMBOFTDPNFUPHFUIFS t MJOFTPSFEHFTXIFSFUXPQMBOFTNFFU t QMBOFTPSTVSGBDFTUIBUEFGJOFUIFMJNJUTPS boundaries of a volume Form is the primary identifying characteristic of a volume. It is established by the shapes and interrelationships of the planes that describe the boundaries of the volume. As the three-dimensional element in the vocabulary of architectural design, a volume can be either a solid—space displaced by mass—or a void—space contained or enclosed by planes. VOLUME