PerniciousVomitingofPregnancyHyperemesis Gravidarum(HG)
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG)
NamesPernicious vomiting of pregnancy Severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy Severe morning sicknessPersistent vomiting of pregnancyHG (hyperemesis gravidarum)Uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy
Names • Pernicious vomiting of pregnancy • Severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy • Severe morning sickness • Persistent vomiting of pregnancy • HG (hyperemesis gravidarum) • Uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy
. Nausea is the unpleasant, painless sensationthat one may potentially vomit.Vomiting is an organized, autonomicresponse that ultimately results in the forcefulexpulsion of gastric contents through themouth
• Nausea is the unpleasant, painless sensation that one may potentially vomit. • Vomiting is an organized, autonomic response that ultimately results in the forceful expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth
Protective MechanismNormal nausea and vomiting may be an evolutionary protectivemechanism.It may protect the pregnant woman and her embryo from harmfulsubstances in food such as pathogenic microorganisms in meatproducts and toxins in plants, with the effect being maximal duringembryogenesis, (the most vulnerable period of pregnancy). This is supported by studies showing that women who had nauseaand vomiting during, pregnancy were less likely to havemiscarriages and stillbirth
Protective Mechanism • Normal nausea and vomiting may be an evolutionary protective mechanism. • It may protect the pregnant woman and her embryo from harmful substances in food such as pathogenic microorganisms in meat products and toxins in plants, with the effect being maximal during embryogenesis, (the most vulnerable period of pregnancy). • This is supported by studies showing that women who had nausea and vomiting during pregnancy were less likely to have miscarriages and stillbirth
Incidence50% to 90 % of pregnant women report having some nausea intheir first trimester.More than 40 % report vomitingVomiting usually begins around the 5th to 6th week of pregnancy,peaking at 9 weeks, and usually resolves on its own by week 16_ 18;however, symptoms may continue until the third trimester in 15to 20% of gravida and until delivery in 5%.If vomiting persists beyond a few days postpartum, otheretiologies should be investigated. Severe, persistent vomiting is called hyperemesis gravidarum andoccurs approximately in 3.5 per 1000 pregnancies.Hyper means ‘over', Emesis means ‘vomiting' and Gravidarummeans“pregnancy
Incidence • 50% to 90 % of pregnant women report having some nausea in their first trimester. • More than 40 % report vomiting. • Vomiting usually begins around the 5th to 6th week of pregnancy, peaking at 9 weeks, and usually resolves on its own by week 16 – 18; • however, symptoms may continue until the third trimester in 15 to 20% of gravida and until delivery in 5%. • If vomiting persists beyond a few days postpartum, other etiologies should be investigated. • Severe, persistent vomiting is called hyperemesis gravidarum and occurs approximately in 3.5 per 1000 pregnancies. • Hyper means ‘ over ’ , Emesis means ‘vomiting’ and Gravidarum means ‘ pregnancy’