6、追求生活质量阶段 the drive to high quality of life 主导部门:以服务业为代表的提高居民“生活质量” 的有关部门(包括教育、市政、保健、环境、旅游等) leading sector: service sectors focusing on improving iving standard
6、 追求生活质量阶段the drive to high quality of life 主导部门：以服务业为代表的提高居民“生活质量” 的有关部门（包括教育、市政、保健、环境、旅游等） leading sector： service sectors focusing on improving living standard
7、对起飞理论的理解 Understanding of take-off theory 生产能力增长的关键:主导部门 manufacturing as the eading sector 投资与增长的关系 the investment ratio 政治与社会制度变革 state capitalism, far from advocating reliance on market forces, but legitimizing state intervention in third world development 影响援助计划的形成 based on planning and foreign aid
7、对起飞理论的理解Understanding of take-off theory • 生产能力增长的关键：主导部门 manufacturing as the leading sector • 投资与增长的关系 the investment ratio • 政治与社会制度变革 state capitalism, far from advocating reliance on market forces, but legitimizing state intervention in third world development • 影响援助计划的形成 based on planning and foreign aid
( 三)均衡(平衡)增长理论 Balanced growth 1、贫困恶性循环理论 icious circles of poverty 罗格纳纳克斯1953年《不发达国家的资本形成 长期贫困的原因,不是因为资源不足,而是存在若干个 “恶性循环系列” reasons of poverty: a series of vicious circles 主要是“贫困恶性循环”,即资本形成的供给与需求方 面的恶性循环 vicious circles of poverty is about the capital formative process in the aspects of supply and demand Solutions: Birth Control. Big-push
（三）均衡（平衡）增长理论 Balanced growth 1、贫困恶性循环理论 Vicious circles of poverty 罗格纳纳克斯1953年《不发达国家的资本形成》 长期贫困的原因，不是因为资源不足，而是存在若干个 “恶性循环系列” reasons of poverty: a series of vicious circles 主要是“贫困恶性循环”，即资本形成的供给与需求方 面的恶性循环 vicious circles of poverty is about the capital formative process in the aspects of supply and demand Solutions: Birth Control. Big-push
低收入 low income 低储蓄能力low低产出 low output低购买能力 limited purchasing power saving rate 低生产率low productivity 投资引诱不足low propensity to invest 低资本形成 capital shortage or narrow capital stock 资本供给的恶性循环 资本需求的恶性循环 Supply side Demand Side
低收入low income 低产出 low output 低生产率 low productivity 低资本形成 capital shortage or narrow capital stock 低储蓄能力 low saving rate 投资引诱不足 low propensity to invest 低购买能力 limited purchasing power 资本供给的恶性循环 Supply Side 资本需求的恶性循环 Demand Side
2、大推动理论 The Big push Theory of Industrializtion 罗森斯坦罗丹 Paul rosenstein-Rom(1943) Industrialization is the way of achieving a more equal distribution of income between different areas of the world by raising incomes in depressed areas at a higherrate than in rich areas 发展中国家的特征:人口众多、劳动力剩余、收入低下 和资本投资规模太小 massive population, surplus labor,low income and low investment 必须全面地大规模地在各个工业部门(尤其是基础设施 建设方面)投入资本,透过投资的“大推动”,来冲破 束缚,迅速实现工业化,达到经济增长等一系列目标 large-scale manufacturing and mega-projects, two sets of criteria for Bigness: economies of scale and modern technology
2、大推动理论The Big push Theory of Industrializtion 罗森斯坦-罗丹 Paul Rosenstein-Rodan (1943) Industrialization is the way of achieving a more equal distribution of income between different areas of the world by raising incomes in depressed areas at a higher rate than in rich areas 发展中国家的特征：人口众多、劳动力剩余、收入低下 和资本投资规模太小 massive population, surplus labor, low income and low investment 必须全面地大规模地在各个工业部门（尤其是基础设施 建设方面）投入资本，透过投资的“大推动”，来冲破 束缚，迅速实现工业化，达到经济增长等一系列目标 large-scale manufacturing and mega-projects, two sets of criteria for Bigness: economies of scale and modern technology