Pathology病理学 大体分型(General classification): 1.micronodular(小结节性肝硬化)：最常见。D<3mm uniformly small nodules(<3 mm in diameter)and regular bands of connective tissue 2.macronodular（大结节性肝硬化)：nodules that vary in size (D>3 mm) 3.mixed macro and micronodular(混合性肝硬化)：combines elements of micronodular and macronodular cirrhosis. 4.incomplete septal cirrhosis（不完全分隔型肝硬化)
组织学Histology 1.广泛肝细胞变性坏死(degeneration and necrosis、肝小叶纤维支架塌 (fibrous framework collapse) 2.不规则再生结节(regeneration nodule) 3.纤维结缔组织增生(desmoplasia) 4.假小叶(pseudolobule)形成 5.血管床(vascular bed)改变、肝内血循环紊乱(circulatory disturbance) (血管异常增值，肝窦毛细血管化)
练习题1： ·男，50岁，乙肝病史30年，腹胀、乏力、双下肢水肿伴少尿1月。消化系彩 超提示肝脏回声增粗，不均匀，中等量腹水。该患者肝脏病理最可能的表现 是： A.肝细胞脂肪变性 B.假小叶形成 C淤血性改变 D淋巴细胞浸润 E小胆管普遍淤胆
Clinical Manifestations 临床表现 Compensation Stagef代偿期：Many people experience few symptoms at the onset of cirrhosis,The signs and symptoms of cirrhosis are nonspecific and frequently related to the complications. -Fatigue and loss of energy乏力、虚弱 -Loss of appetite食欲减退 --Nausea恶心 -Splenomegaly脾脏肿大 ---Liver function may be normal 肝功能基本正常
Clinical Manifestation Decompensation Stage失代偿期 Hepatic dysfunction portal hypertension Dysfunction of liver: 肝功能减退 L.malnutrition营养不良 Fatigue(疲劳) Lethargy(精神不振) Weakness（乏力力) weight loss(消瘦) 2. Fever发热 3.Jaundice黄疸 4.Digest system symptoms Diarrhea腹泻 Constipation便秘 Dull abdominal pain Indigestioni消化不良 Nauseai恶心