ThePrize“fortheachievementofBose-Einsteincondensation（玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚熊）dilute gases of alkali atoms (碱原子）,and for early fundamental studies of thepropertiesofthecondensates
The Prize “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation (玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚態) in dilute gases of alkali atoms (碱原子) , and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates
The WinnersUnversityefEPNPREColaradeae BoufderEric A.CornellWolfgang KetterleCarl E.Wieman維曼康奈爾克特勒MITJILA&JILA &NISTUniversity ofBoulder,Colorado1957-Colorado, Boulder.1961-1951-
The Winners Eric A. Cornell 康奈爾 JILA & NIST, Boulder, Colorado. 1961- Wolfgang Ketterle 克特勒 MIT 1957- Carl E. Wieman 維曼 JILA & University of Colorado, Boulder. 1951-
ChuThe GodfatherTheSons(1997）Phillips(1997)Ramsey(1989)The GrandsonsPritchardWiemanKetterle (23Na)(87Rb)sitvefHulet(7Li)Cornell (87Rb)Kleppner (1H)
The Godfather Ramsey (1989) Kleppner ( 1H) Phillips (1997) Pritchard Wieman (87Rb) Hulet (7Li) Chu (1997) Ketterle (23Na) Cornell (87Rb) The Sons The Grandsons
Q1:What Is Bose-EinsteinCondensation?DeBroglie德布羅意（1929Nobel Prize winner)proposed thatall matteriscomposed of waves.Their wavelengths are given byh入=mv2 = de Broglie wavelengthh=Planck'sconstant普朗克常数m=massv= velocity
Q1: What Is Bose-Einstein Condensation? De Broglie 德布羅意 (1929 Nobel Prize winner) proposed that all matter is composed of waves. Their wavelengths are given by = de Broglie wavelength h = Planck’s constant 普朗克常數 m = mass v = velocity
Against Our Intuition?!MMMMM*Inmost everyday matter,the de Broglie wavelength is much shorter than thedistance separating the atoms. In this case,the wave nature of atoms cannot benoticed,andtheybehaveasparticles.* The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength isroughlythe sameastheatomic distance.*This happens when the temperature is low enough,so thatthey have lowvelocities.* In this case, the wave nature of atoms will be described by quantum physics,e.g.they can onlystay at discrete energy states (energyquantization)
Against Our Intuition?! In most everyday matter, the de Broglie wavelength is much shorter than the distance separating the atoms. In this case, the wave nature of atoms cannot be noticed, and they behave as particles. The wave nature of atoms become noticeable when the de Broglie wavelength is roughly the same as the atomic distance. This happens when the temperature is low enough, so that they have low velocities. In this case, the wave nature of atoms will be described by quantum physics, e.g. they can only stay at discrete energy states (energy quantization)