二、微生物生长的测定 微生物生长: 以单位时间里微生物数量或生物量 (Biomass)的变化来评价。 计数法 微生物生长的测定: 重量法 生理指标法
以单位时间里微生物数量或生物量 (Biomass)的变化来评价。 微生物生长: 二、微生物生长的测定 计数法 重量法 生理指标法 微生物生长的测定:
(一)计数法 1、直接计数法 Figure 6.19 Direct Grid with 25 large squares microscopic count of bacteria with a Petroff-Hausser cell Cover glass counter.The average number of cells within a large square Slide multiplied by a factor of 1,250,000 gives the number of bacteria per milliliter. Direct microscopic counts are useful for certain applications 缺点: 不能区分死菌与活菌; Microscopic count:All cells in several large squares are 不适于对运动细菌的计数: counted,and the numbers are averaged.The large square shown here has 14 bacterial cells 需要相对高的细胞浓度; The volume of fluid over the large square is 1/1.250.000 of a milliliter.If it contains 14 个体小的细菌在显微镜下难以观察。 cells,as shown here,then there are 14 times 1.250,000 (17.500,000)cells in a milliliter
细菌、孢子、酵母菌 1、直接计数法 缺点: 不能区分死菌与活菌; 不适于对运动细菌的计数; 需要相对高的细胞浓度; 个体小的细菌在显微镜下难以观察。 (一) 计数法
2、平板计数法 1 ml 1 ml 1 ml 1ml 1.ml Original 9 ml broth inoculum in each tube Dilutions 110 1:100 1:1000 110.000 1:100.000 Plating 1:10 1:100 1:1000 1:10,000 1100.000 Calculation:Number of colonies on plate x reciprocal of dilution of sample number of bacteria/ml (For example,if 32 colonies were on a plate of /1000 dilution,then the count is 32 x 10,000 =320,000/ml in sample
2、平板计数法
(a)The pour plate method (b)The spread plate method Figure 6.16 Methods of preparing plates for plate counts. 1.0 or 0.1 ml 0.1ml How do plates diff 样品充分混匀; Inoculate ①Inoculate plate empty plate containing solid medium Bacterial dilution 每支移液管及涂布棒只能 接触一个稀释度的菌液; Add melted hutrient aga ②Spread ino over surfac 同一稀释度三个以上重 evenly Swirl to mix 复,取平均值; 每个平板上的菌落数目合 Colonies 适,便于准确计数; grow in and only on solidified of medium medium
样品充分混匀; 每支移液管及涂布棒只能 接触一个稀释度的菌液; 同一稀释度三个以上重 复,取平均值; 每个平板上的菌落数目合 适,便于准确计数;
菌落形成单位(colony forming units,CFU)
菌落形成单位(colony forming units, CFU)