3. The sites that secondary humoral immunity carries through
3. The sites that secondary humoral immunity carries through
Antigen A Antigen A Antigen B Anti-A Anti-B Secondary anti-A respons E Primary Primary antI-A anti-B response response 2 4 8 0 12 Weeks Figure 1-4 Specificity, memory, and self limitation of Immune responses. Antigens a and B induce the production of different antibodies Is ficityl. The secondary response to antigen A is more rapid and larger than the primary response(memory). Antibody levels decline with time after each immunization iself limitation
Recognition Activation Effector Decline Memory phase phase phase (homeostasis) Antibody. Effector T producing lymphocyte Elimination cell of antigens Humoral immunity Surviving memory Cell-mediated cells immunity Apoptosis Time after antigen exposure Figure 1-6 Phases of adaptive immune responses Adaptive immune responses consist of three phases: the recognition of antigen, the activation of lymphocytes, and the effector phase (elimination of antigen). The response declines as antigen-stimulated lymphocytes die by apoptosis, and the antigen-specific cells that survive are responsible for memory. The duration of each phase may vary in different immune responses. The y-axis represents an arbitrary measure of the magnitude of the response. These principles apply to humoral immunity (mediated by B lymphocytes) and cell-mediated immunity (mediated by T lymphocytes)
II Thymus 1. The structure of thymus Cortex outer cortex: immature T cells( thymus cells) inter cortex: thymus epithelial cell, macrophage, DC Medulla Mature T cells thymus epithelial cell, macrophage, DC
II. Thymus 1. The structure of thymus Cortex outer cortex : immature T cells ( thymus cells) inter cortex : thymus epithelial cell, macrophage , DC Medulla Mature T cells + thymus epithelial cell, macrophage , DC
The structure of thymus Bocc vessels Hassalls Medulla Medulla Cort Figure 2-8 Morphology of the thymus
The structure of thymus