2-6 The 4 Principles o Four principles to increase eficiency Study the way the job is performed now determine new ways to do it e Gather detailed. time and motion information o Try different methods to see which is best 2. Codify the new method into rules. ◆ Teach to all workers 3. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in Step 2 4. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance o Workers should benefit from higher output " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-6 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 The 4 Principles ⚫Four Principles to increase efficiency: 1. Study the way the job is performed now & determine new ways to do it. ◆ Gather detailed, time and motion information. ◆ Try different methods to see which is best. 2. Codify the new method into rules. ◆ Teach to all workers. 3. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in Step 2. 4. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance. ◆ Workers should benefit from higher output
2-7 Problems of Scientific Management o Managers often implemented only the increased output side of Taylor's plan. They did not allow workers to share in increased output Specialized jobs became very boring, dull Workers ended up distrusting Scientific Management wOrkers could purposely“ under- perform” o Management responded with increased use of machines " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-7 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Problems of Scientific Management ⚫Managers often implemented only the increased output side of Taylor’s plan. ◼ They did not allow workers to share in increased output. ◼ Specialized jobs became very boring, dull. ◼ Workers ended up distrusting Scientific Management. ⚫Workers could purposely “under-perform” ⚫Management responded with increased use of machines
2-8 The Gilbreths o Frank and lillian gilbreth refined Taylors methods made many improvements to time and motion studies o Time and motion studies 1. Break down each action into components 2. Find better ways to perform it 3. Reorganize each action to be more efficient o gilbreths also studied fatigue problems, lighting heating and other worker issues win/MeGraw-Hill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-8 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 The Gilbreths ⚫Frank and Lillian Gilbreth refined Taylor’s methods. ◼ Made many improvements to time and motion studies. ⚫Time and motion studies: ◼ 1. Break down each action into components. ◼ 2. Find better ways to perform it. ◼ 3. Reorganize each action to be more efficient. ⚫Gilbreths also studied fatigue problems, lighting, heating and other worker issues
2-9 Administrative Management sEeks to create an organization that leads to both efficiency and effectiveness o Max Weber developed the concept of bureaucracy. a formal system of organization and administration u to ensure effectiveness and efficiency Weber developed the Five principles shown in Figure 2.2 " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000
2-9 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Administrative Management ⚫Seeks to create an organization that leads to both efficiency and effectiveness. ⚫Max Weber developed the concept of bureaucracy. ◼ A formal system of organization and administration to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. ◼ Weber developed the Five principles shown in Figure 2.2