TABLE 18-4 Ketones and Aldehydes Used in Household Products 0 CH,O CHO CHO CH,-CH,-CH,- -C-H -CH HO butyraldehyde 香兰素 vanillin acetophenone 开心果 n-inan阂崔 Odor: buttery vanilla pistachio cinnamon Uses: margarine,foods foods,perfumes ice cream candy,foods,drugs 人造奶油 香芹 麝香酮 樟脑 camphor pyrethrin除虫菊酯 carvone muscone Odor: "camphoraceous" floral (-)enantiomer:spearmint 薄荷 musky aroma (+)enantiomer:caraway seed 麝香香料 Uses: iniments,.n擦剂，吸剂 plant insecticide candy,toothpaste,etc. 香芹籽 perfum
人造奶油 香兰素 开心果 肉桂 樟脑 除虫菊酯 香芹 麝香酮 擦剂,吸剂 香芹籽 薄荷 麝香香料
Sec 1 Structure Properties C:Sp2杂化，π键成键电子对在 氧原子周围出现的几率较大， 电子密度分布不均等。 Carbonyl group Alkene C=O短，极性大(C=C)
Sec 1 Structure & Properties C O δ δ + － + C O C O C：sp2杂化，π键成键电子对在 氧原子周围出现的几率较大， 电子密度分布不均等。 C=O 短，极性大（ C=C ）
length energy ketone C=O bond 1.23A 178 kcal/mol (745 kJ/mol) alkene C=C bond 1.34A 146 kcal/mol (611 kJ/mol) c-6: H Formaldehyde Acetone 4=2.27D 4=2.88D
Negatively polarized Positively oxygen polarized carbon 丙酮 Electron-rich Nature of the Carbonyl Group Electron-poor C+
丙酮 Positively polarized carbon Negatively polarized oxygen
Boiling Points More polar,so higher boiling point than comparable alkane or ether. Cannot H-bond to each other,so lower boiling point than comparable alcohol. CH.CH,CH,CH CH,一O-CHCH3 butane methox yethane bp 0C bp 8C 0 CHCH2一C-H CH,一 C-CH CH,CH,CH,一OH propanal acetone 1-propanol bp 49C bp 56 C bp 97C
Boiling Points ◼More polar, so higher boiling point than comparable alkane or ether. ◼Cannot H-bond to each other, so lower boiling point than comparable alcohol